Coordination and Response

• Types of systems responsable for responding to stimuli

  Nervous system and endocrine system
• Nervous system


  coordinated by the brain and spinal cord
• endorine system


  coordinated by glands throughout body
• Type of signal in a Nervouse system

  Electrical
• Type of signal in endocrine system

  Chemical
• Transmition in nervous system

  Through nerve cells
• Transmition in endocrine system

  Through the blood stream
• Effertor in Nervous system

  Muscel or gland
• Effector in Endocrine system

  Target cells
• Type of response in Nervous system

  Muscle contraction or secretion
• Type of response in Endocrine system

  Chemical change
• Speed of reponse in Nervous system

  Rapid
• Speed of response in Endocrine system

  Slower
• Duration of response in Nervous system

  Short
• Duration of response in Endocrine system

  Long
• central nervous system(CNS)


  brain and spinal cord
• peripheral nervous system(pns)


  Outside CNS that carries info to and from CNS
• Nerve


  Cluster of neurons
• Order of response from stimulus


  Stimulus -> Recepter-> Coordinator-> Effector -> Response
• sensory neurons


  Inpulse from sensory organ to brain
• Relay neuron


  connect sensory neuron and motor neuron in reflex arc
• Motor neuron


  carry info from brain to the effectors
• Reflex arc order


  stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, CNS , motor neurone, effector, response

  
• Reflex arc


  A relatively direct connection between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron that allows an extremely rapid response to a stimulus, often without conscious brain involvement.
• Synapses


  The gap between where the 2 neurons meet
• Neurotransmitters


  chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
• Process of synaptic transmission

  Elecrical impulse travels along the axon when it reaches the end it triggers neurotransmitters to be released which diffuse across. They now bind with the receptor which stimulates second neuron to transmit the electrical impulse.
• Adernaline source


  Adernalgland
• Adernaline role


  Fight or flight reponse
• Adernaline effect


  Heart rate increases, blood sugar levels increase
• Progesterone source


  Ovaries
• Progesterone role


  suport pregnancy
• Progesterone effect


  Maintains uterus lining
• Testosterone source


  testes
• Testosterone role


  main male sex hormone
• Testosterone effect


  Promotes male secondary sexual characteristics
• oestrogen source


  ovaries
• oestrogen role


  main female sex hormone
• Oestrogen effects


  Controls menstrual cycle and promotes female secondary sexual characteristics
• ADH source


  pituitary gland