Nucleic Acid - 4th Qtr. Biomolecules

• Nucleic acid 


  Contains the blueprint for making proteins
• 2 types of nucleic acids are

  DNA and RNA
• Composed of

  Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
• Monomer form is


  Nucleotide
• Polymer form is


  Nucleic acid
• Composed of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base

  Nucleotides
• Deoxyribose


  The 5-carbon sugar of DNA
• Ribose


  The 5-carbon sugar of RNA and has more oxygen atom
• Third carbon of the sugar


  Connected to the OH group, thus being called 3' end
• Fifth Carbon


  Connected to the PO₄ group, thus being called the 5' end
• DNA


  Stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid
• DNA


  Stores genetic information inside cells
• RNA

  Stands for Ribonucleic acid
• RNA


  Responsible for protein production through the process of Translation
• Hereditary

  A trait of DNA, causing some characteristics of the parent to be passed on the offspring
• The organic bases of DNA

  Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine; these are bonded together by hydrogen bonds
• Adenine is bonded to

  Thymine
• Cytosine is bonded to

  Guanine
• A molecule of DNA is formed by

  millions of nucleotides joined together in a long chain by a phosphodiester bond
• Before a cell divides, the DNA strands unwind and separate, making each strand create a new partner by adding the appropriate nucleotides
• When the DNA strands separated, there are now two double-stranded DNA molecules in the nucleus
• Replication - The process occurred when the DNA strands separated, resulting to two double-stranded DNA molecules in the nucleus
• Organic bases of RNA

  Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine
• What is the similarities of DNA and RNA?

  They both are composed of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base