Paper 1 Key Words

• Induced magnetism

  The temporary creation of magnetic poles in magnetic materials close to a magnet. It lasts as long as the magnet is near
• Bohr model

  A model of the atom that suggested negative electrons orbit a positive nucleus at set distances
• Latent heat

  The energy required for a substance to change state
• Rutherford model

  A model of the atom that represented the atom being mostly empty space with a dense positive nucleus and negative charges scattered around it
• Specific heat capacity

  The amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of one kilogram of given substance by one degree
• Specific latent heat of fusion

  The amount of energy needed to change the state of one kilogram of substance from a solid state to a liquid state whilst held at a constant temperature
• Specific latent heat of fusion

  The amount of energy needed to change the state of one kilogram of a substance from liquid to vapour whilst held at a constant temperature
• Specific latent heat

  The amount of energy needed to change the state of one kilogram of a substance whilst held at a constant temperature
• Thomson model

  Represented the atom as a ball of positive charge which negative charges distributed throughout it
• Displacement

  A measure of how far an object moves in a given direction. It is the straight line between starting and finishing points and is a vector quantity
• Elastic limit

  The force beyond which an object will no longer deform elasticity
• Electric field

  A region where a charge will experience a non contact electrostatic force
• Force field

  A region where an object will experience a non contact force
• Free body diagram

  A visual representation of the forces that act on an object
• Gravitational field

  A region where a mass will experience a non contact gravitational force. All matter produces a gravitational field around it, the greater its mass the stronger the field
• Gravitational force

  A force that all matter experiences when placed in a gravitational field
• Hookes Law

  The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied to it up to the limit of proportionality
• Limit of proportionality

  The point beyond which the extension of an elastic object is no longer directly proportional to the force applied to it
• Linear relationship

  A relationship between two variables where is one variable increases so does the other by the same factor
• Magnetic field

  A region where a magnetic material will experience a non contact magnetic force
• Moment

  The turning effect of a force equal to the product of the magnitude of the force at the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force
• Newton’s first law

  If a stationary objects resultant force is zero the object will remain stationary, if a moving objects resultant force is zero the object will continue to move at a constant velocity
• Newton’s second law

  An objects acceleration is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on it and inversely proportional to the objects mass
• Newton’s third law

  The forces that two objects exert on each other when they interact are equal and opposite
• Principle of moments

  For an object in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments about any point on the object must equal the anticlockwise moments about that same point
• Resultant force

  The single force that can replace all the individual forces acting on an object and have the same effect
• Resultant moment

  The single moment that has the same effect as the sum of all the other clockwise and anticlockwaise moments acting on an object
• Scalar quantities

  Magnitude
• Spring constant

  A measure of a springs stiffness, the higher the spring constant, the smaller the extension is for a given force
• Vector quantities

  Magnitude and direction
• Weight

  The force acting on an object due to gravity
• Ammeter

  A device connected in series that measures the current
• Amps

  Unit of current
• Coulomb

  The unit of charge
• Diode

  A component that only allows current to flow in the forward direction
• Electric field

  A region in which a charge will experience a non contact, electric force. All charged objects have an electric field around them and the field is stronger closer to the charge
• Electric field lines

  Lines representing an electric field that point in the direction in which a positive charge would experience an electric force
• Filament lamp

  A light emitting component consisting of an enclosed metal filament. Its resistance increases as the filament’s temperature increases
• LDR

  A light sensitive component whose resistance decreases as its temperature increases
• LED

  A device that gives out light when a current flows through it. Current can only flow through it in one direction and a minimum voltage must be applied across it before it illuminates