EX 12

• Fungi - essential components of the ecosystem
• Fungi - A large group of Eukaryotic organisms whose main role is to break down nonliving organisms
• Saprophytic - fungi that does not attack living tissues or cause disease
• Mold - common term for certain filamentous fungi
• Mold spore - germinate and rapidly reproduce under suitable moisture, temperature, and nutrient conditions.
• Mold spore are dispersed through?

  air turbulence

  water drops

  insect activities
• What adverse health effects has mold been associated with?

  allergies

  irritations

  infections

  toxic reactions
• Molds are aerobes true or false?

  true
• What does the observation of molds usually involve?

  hyphae and asexual spores
• 2 types of hyphae

  septate

  aseptate
• Septate hyphae - cross-walls are seen
• Aseptate hyphae - cross-walls are absent
• Hyaline hyphae - colorless
• Dematiacious hyphae - distinct yellow to brownish color
• Some molds in the class Zygomycetes have root like rhizoids projecting from their aseptate hyphae
• Asexual mold spores

  Sporangiospores

  Conidiospores
• Sporangiospores - formed enclosed within sporangia
• Sporangia - borne on sporangiospores that arise from aerial hyphae
• Sporangia are only associated with?

  Zygomycetes
• Conidiospores - arise from aerial hyphae but are open to air
• Macroconidia - open shells and contain more than one spore
• Microconidia - one spore is present
• 3 types of spore formed directly from hyphae?

  Blastospores

  Arthrospores

  Chlamydospores
• Blastospores - by budding
• Arthrospores - fragmentation of the hyphal tube
• Chlamydospores - complete walling of nucleus within a hyphal segment
• Phenol acts as a?

  disinfectant
• Lactic acid purpose?

  preserves fungal structure
• Cotton blue purpose?

  stains or gives color to the chitin in the fungal cell wall
• What sugar is present in SDA?

  dextrose