module 1 IT

• difference between IT and software engineering is that software engineering is a discipline that focuses on the development of software systems, while IT focuses on the development of information systems. computer engineering is a discipline that focuses on the design, implementation, and maintenance of computer systems. information systems is concerned with the information that computer systems and other devices can provide to help a person or an organisation with defining and achieving its goal
• data is the raw material of science, and the scientist is the one who transforms it into knowledge. information is organised facts that have been collected and processed into a meaningful form and knowledge is the understanding of the meaning of the facts.
• Data


  Unprocessed bouts of information which is unorganised
• Information


  Organised tabs that have been collected and processed into a meaningful form
• Knowledge

  The application of information and skills acquired through experience, education, and training
• Information processing

  1. Input data entry or capture

  2. Processing

  3. Output presentation distribution
• Manual information system


  • Humans are required to perform all the tasks in the system
  • Mechanical or clerical devices are used to perform tasks manually
• Components of manual information processing


  1. Collect - gathering more data

  2. Collate - combining the data gathered

  3. Analyse - examine the data and make it usable

  4. Present - put the data gathered in a readable form

  5. Disseminate - distribute the output
• Types of manual information systems


  • Manual library system
  • Student report system
  • Payroll system
  • Manual school registration system
• Systems are much more and a lot be faster. could ones your type in a piece at entornater and it the reamed into is show exte system, the internation would will bepowder iinsediately.
• Types at acbonated intermediar sigsten

  • Expert system
  • Groupware system
  • Commnication systems
  • Finaime and Accounting system
  • Decision support systems
• Ways of representing data


  • charcuters
  • Symbol and sumber
  • Numeric
  • Aural
  • Visual
• Morse code is a charter encoding for framanthing belegraphic internation using standardised seanerces at shorth long elements to represent the letters numeral h pputuoton and Special characters of a giver message
• Text


  Strings at chaarties which are human readable
• Graphical representant

  Includes graphischaubs
• The importance of data and information is a key ingredient in decision making. Without information critical actions might not be possible to be taken in a timely manner and person or an organisation might miss an opportunity.
• Organisations and individual use information for numerous reasons each day to carry out different tasks and to aid in problem-solving.
• Schools need information about students, teachers and just about everything in a school is recorded for references to help in making decisions.
• Accounting details, transaction details, records of who owes an organisation are kept so that a business can operate smoothly.
• Without proper records, organisation would have to rely on guesswork and not careful analysis and examination of information.
• If an organisation has poor data processing and record keeping it could cripple an organisation's productivity if there were no information available or if there were major information lost.
• the main components of IS are users, hardware, software, data, communications, and procedures
• Software - programs that run on computers
• Hardware - physical devices used by the computer system
• Users - people who interact with the system
• information system (IS) is a combination of people, hardware, software, data, procedures, documentation, and telecommunications facilities used by organisations to collect, process, store, disseminate, and use information