MCQ

• The diagram shows the elements present in two organic molecules, W and X.Which molecules could W and X be?

  
  

  Molecule W is phospholipid and Molecule X is a protein

  
• Which molecules are produced during the hydrolysis of a triglyceride molecule?

  • Fatty acids and glycerol
• The structure of monomers affects the structure and function of the polymers they form. Which row describes the structural features of polysaccharides made from alpha-glucose and beta-glucose? 

  • Monomer: alpha-glucose, beta-glucose
  • Polymer: starch, cellulose
  • Shape of polymer: branched & helical, unbranched & straight
• The diagram shows the structure of insulin.

  From the diagram, what can be concluded about the structure of insulin?

  • It is composed of two polypeptide chains stabilized by disulfide bonds.

  
• Which is a feature of phloem sieve tube cells?

  •  No nucleus
• The diagram shows the movement of ions that can occur across the membrane of a neuron.

  From the diagram, what can be deduced about the movement of sodium ions?

  • They are actively pumped out and some re-enter by facilitated diffusion.

  
• In multicellular animals, embryonic stem cells have the ability to differentiate into a range of cells with different functions. What is the term used to describe cells with this property?

  •  Pluripotent
• What is always a consequence of the evaporation of water from mesophyll cells in leaves of a healthy plant?

  •  Water moves up the stem in the xylem.
• The diagram shows where the exchange of substances between blood and tissue fluid occurs in a capillary bed.

  What explains the movement of solutes between blood and tissue fluid at region X?

  •  Hydrostatic pressure is higher in blood than in tissue fluid.

  
• Yersinia pestis is a bacterium that caused an outbreak of bubonic plague in the 14th century. It normally produces ATP in the presence of oxygen but can still produce ATP if oxygen is absent.Which term describes this characteristic?

  • Facultative anaerobe
• What are common features of holozoic nutrition and saprotrophic nutrition?

  • Secretion of enzymes to digest food
• What is a consequence of the ability of water to form many intermolecular hydrogen bonds?

  • Some small invertebrates can walk on water surfaces.
• What occurs at gas exchange surfaces in the lungs of mammals?

  I.  Gases diffuse across a moist surface.

  II. Concentration gradients are maintained by ventilation.

  III. Water is lost.

  •  I, II and III
• Which row of the table describes a type of nutrition?

  • C

  
• What best describes stem cells?

  • Pluripotent stem cells that may differentiate into blood cells.
• For what reason do large organisms need specialized gas exchange structures?

  • They have a relatively small surface in contact with the outside
• What can be seen in a plan diagram of a leaf?

  • Vascular bundles and thickness of palisade mesophyll
• Which conditions of temperature and pH are most suitable for coral reef development?

  • 250C and 7.8pH
• What distinguishes movement from locomotion?

  • It occurs in all organisms.
• What are functions of type I and type II alveolar pneumocytes?

  • Type I: carry out gas exchange
  • Type II: produce surfactant
• The diagram shows some reactions occurring during respiration in the mitochondrion.

  Energy that is released by oxidation reactions in the mitochondrial matrix is carried to the cristae of the mitochondria. How is this energy carried?

  •  As reduced NAD

  
• Which adaptation would allow plants to live in saline irrigated soil?

  • Active uptake and compartmentalization of mineral ions to maintain homeostasis
• What is contained in skeletal muscle?

  •  Multinucleate cells with numerous microfibrils made of contractile sarcomeres
• The photograph shows a scorpion (Pandinus imperator).

  What recognition features indicate that it is an arthropod?

  • Exoskeleton and articulated legs

  
• Where is the greatest quantity of water reabsorbed from the nephron?

  • Proximal convoluted tubule
• The diagram shows the pressure changes in the left atrium, left ventricle and aorta during part of the cardiac cycle.

  Are the valves between the atria and the ventricles open or closed at time X and time Y?

  Time X: open

  Time Y: closed

  • B.  

  
• The micrograph shows two types of blood cells.

  What determines the differences between the two types of cell?

  • Different expression of some genes

  
• The pie chart shows the modes of nutrition of fungi in Huahu Lake wetland in China.

  What is the most common mode of nutrition of fungi in this wetland?

  • Heterotrophic fungi obtaining nutrients from dead organisms by external digestion

  
• Which characteristic of the subclavian vein distinguishes it from the subclavian artery?

  • Larger lumen
• The diagrams show the structure of leucine, an essential amino acid. Which diagram highlights the part of leucine that distinguishes it from other amino acids?

  • B

  
• The micrograph shows tissues in a plant stem.

  What is the reason that no nucleus is visible in Z?

  •   Xylem vessels are formed from dead lignified cells.

  
• The table shows the approximate energy stores in a man with an average mass.

  What can be concluded from the data?

  • The adipose tissue provides for most of the long-term energy storage.
• The light micrograph shows the structure of blood vessels in a muscle.

  Which blood vessel is shown by X?

  • A vein

  
• Which molecular diagram shows part of a cellulose molecule?

  • A

  
• What occurs during inspiration?

  • External intercostal muscles contract, decreasing the pressure in the thorax.
• The stem of a young plant is cut through and the cut end is immersed in water containing a red dye. The plant continues to transpire as normal. In what region of the stem would the red colour be visible soon after immersion?

  • D

  
• What is a benefit of having xylem vessels close to phloem sieve tubes in plants?

  • Water can be supplied more easily to the phloem.
• The diagram shows protein channels involved in the passive movement of a substance into the cell across the cell membrane.

  What describes this movement?

  • Net movement occurs until the concentrations in and out of the cell are equal.

  
• Which drawing represents beta-D-glucose?

  • B

  
• The image shows a molecule of oleic acid.

  What describes oleic acid?

  • Cis monounsaturated