CHEMISTRY

• Metals


  • Good conductors of heat and electricity; malleable; ductile; lustrous
• Nonmetals

  • Poor conductors of heat and electricity; hard
• Metalloids or Semi-Metals

  • Properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals
• Ion


  When an atom of a group of atoms loses or gains electrons, it becomes an ion
• Cations


  Formed when at least one electron is lost. Monatomic cations are formed by metals.
• Anions

  Formed when at least one electron is gained. Monatomic anions are formed by nonmetals.
• Molecular Formula

  Exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance
• Empirical Formula


  Elements present in the simplest whole-number ratio of their atoms
• Chemical Bonding


  Forces that hold atoms/ions together. It is all about electrons.
• Ionic Bonding

  • Transfer of electrons
• Covalent Bonding

  • Sharing of electrons
• Metallic Bonding

  • Sea of electrons
• Sodium bicarbonate

  Ionic compound: Metal + Nonmetal (Cation + Anion)
• Sodium hypochlorite

  Covalent compound: Nonmetal + Nonmetal
• Acetic Acid


  Covalent compound: Nonmetal + Nonmetal
• Muriatic Acid


  Covalent compound: Nonmetal + Nonmetal
• Writing Ionic Compounds (Crisscross Method)


  1. Write the symbol

  2. Write the oxidation number of each element

  3. Cross the oxidation of one element to the other element

  4. Rewrite the formula and drop the charges
• Naming Binary Ionic Compounds (Metal with fixed oxidation number)


  • Name the cation first
  • Name the anion (root of the element name + -ide)
• Naming Binary Ionic Compounds (Metal with fixed oxidation number)


  • Sodium and Oxygen
  • Nitrogen and Lithium
  • Sodium and Hydroxide
• Naming Binary Ionic Compounds (Metal with variable oxidation number)

  • Determine the oxidation number of the cation
  • Name the cation (roman numeral)
  • Name the anion changing the suffix to -ide
• Naming Binary Ionic Compounds (Metal with variable oxidation number)

  • Iron (II) oxide
  • Iron (III) oxide
  • Lead (II) oxide
  • Lead (IV) oxide
• Naming Ternary Compounds

  • Metal + polyatomic ion
  • Hydrogen + polyatomic ion
  • Name the cation
  • Name the polyatomic anion
• Writing Ternary Compounds


  1. Write the symbol

  2. Write the oxidation number of each element

  3. Cross the oxidation of one element to the other element

  4. Rewrite the formula and drop the charges
• Naming Binary Covalent Compounds

  • Prefix indicating the number of subscript (except for mono)
  • Prefix + name
  • Second nonmetal change the suffix to -ide
  • Prefix + root -ide
• Single Bond


  Ex.

  
• Double Bond

  Ex.

  
• Triple Bond

  Ex.

  
• Polar Bond


  Ex.

  
• Non polar Bond


  Ex.

  
• Coordinate Bond


  Ex.

  
• What's the Emperical of C6H12O6?

  CH2O
• Sodium Bicarbonate 


  NaHCO³
• Sodium Hypochlorite


  NaCLO
• Acetic Acid


  CH³COOH³
• Muriatic Acid


  HCl
• What type of model/formula is it when using line?

  Structural Formula
• A type of formula/model with circle around the symbol.

  Ball-and-stick model
• A type of formula/model that is like a 3d.

  Space-filling model
• A type of formula/model with the Chemical symbol with it's atomic number.

  Molecular Formula
• What is the ionic compound of Lithium & Phosphorus?


  Li³P