properties of gas

• States of matter


  Solid, liquid, gas, plasma
• Examples of gases


  • Air
  • Helium
  • Ozone
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water vapor
• Gases


  • Widely spread
  • No definite shape
  • Can easily expand and contract
• Compressibility


  The ability of a gas to be compressed or reduced in volume when pressure is applied
• Gases are highly compressible compared to solids and liquids due to the spaces between gas molecules
• Expandability


  The ability of a gas to expand to fill any available space or volume
• Gases expand when pressure is released and contract when pressure is applied
• Gases expand when temperature increases due to increased kinetic energy of gas particles
• Gases


  • Can flow like liquids
  • Colorless
  • Can diffuse to fill any available space
• Diffusion


  The spreading or distribution of gas particles to fill any available space
• Gases have lower density and viscosity compared to liquids, allowing them to flow more easily
• Measurable properties of gases

  • Density
  • Mass
  • Volume
  • Temperature
  • Pressure
• Density


  Mass per unit volume
• Mass


  The amount of matter that makes up a particular volume of gas
• Volume


  The amount of space occupied by a gas
• Temperature


  Measure of the average kinetic energy of gas particles
• Pressure


  The force exerted by gas particles on the walls of their container
• Temperature


  Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
• If particles move fast

  Temperature is high
• If particles move slow

  Temperature is low
• Thermal energy applied to a container with gas causes the gas particles to move faster
• Lower thermal energy applied to a container with gas causes the gas particles to move slower
• Pressure


  Force exerted over a unit of area by gas particles colliding with the walls of the container
• Applying force to an object exerts pressure
• Major properties of gases

  • Volume
  • Pressure
  • Temperature
• SI units


  International System of Units, based on the metric system, used in science, engineering and industry
• Metric units


  Also known as the International System of Units, based on the meter, kilogram and second
• English units


  Also known as the Imperial system, primarily used in the US and UK, not decimal based
• SI units for volume

  • Cubic meter
  • Cubic decimeter
  • Cubic centimeter
• Liter


  Metric unit for measuring large volumes of liquids and gases
• Milliliter


  Metric unit for measuring small volumes, particularly in scientific and medical fields
• English units for volume

  • Quart
  • Gallon
• 1 ml = 1 cubic cm, 1 liter = 1 cubic decimeter, 1 cubic meter = 1000 liters
• Converting volume units

  1. Identify the conversion factor

  2. Multiply the given value by the conversion factor

  3. The result will have the desired unit
• Pascal


  SI unit of pressure, defined as Newton per square meter
• Atmosphere


  Metric unit of pressure, referring to the gaseous portion of the Earth's sphere
• Torr


  English unit of pressure, named after the discoverer Evangelista Torricelli
• PSI


  English unit of pressure, pound-force per square inch
• 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 76 cmHg = 101,325 Pa = 14.696 psi
• Converting pressure units


  1. Identify the conversion factor

  2. Multiply the given value by the conversion factor

  3. The result will have the desired unit