Chemistry: Solutions

• alloy

  a mixture of elements that has metallic properties
• aqueous solution

  a solution in which the solvent is water
• boiling point elevation

  the difference in temperature between a solution's boiling point and the boiling point of the pure solvent
• colligative properties

  a physical property of a solution that depends on the number of dissolved particles
• colloid

  a heterogeneous substance made of large molecules or ultramicroscopic particles of one substance dispersed through a second substance
• concentrated

  a relatively large amount of solute is in a solution
• dilute

  make a liquid thinner or weaker by adding more solvent
• factors affecting solubility

  temperature, pressure, surface area, polarity, stirring
• heterogeneous mixture

  does not have a uniform composition or phase; components are distinct
• homogeneous mixture

  has a uniform composition and phase AKA solution
• molality

  the ratio of the number of moles of solute dissolved in one kilogram of solvent
• molar

  the amount in one mole of a substance
• molarity

  the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution
• % mass

  the amount of solvent in a solution by mass
• ppm

  concentration in parts per million
• rate of dissolution

  the time it takes for a substance to dissolve
• saturated

  contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute at that temperature and pressure
• solubility

  maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature/pressure
• solute

  a substance dissolved in solution
• solution

  a uniform mixture AKA homogeneous mixture
• solvent

  the substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution
• supersaturated

  contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at that temperature and pressure
• suspension

  type of heterogeneous mixture where particles settle out and can be filtered out
• unsaturated


  contains less dissolved solute than is possible
• chromatography


  a technique used to separate a mixture when traveling across the surface of another mixture
• kinetic energy


  energy of motion, temperature
• distillation

  a technique used to physically separate most homogeneous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points of the substances involved