RBT exam vocab

• frequency

  measurement of times a response occurs (simple count). Does not include a measure of time.

  ex: Jane put away 8 toys
• Continuous measurement

  Recording data on all instances of specified behavior. Used for discontinuous behavior (frequency, rate, duration, latency, inter-response time).
• latency

  The amount of time between a stimulus and the start of a response.

  ex: Jake starts picking up his toys 3 minutes after his mom asked him to.
• duration

  the length of time that the response lasts

  ex: Eric screamed for 4 mins
• rate

  number of responses per unit of time

  ex: Nancy spit 12 times in 1 minute
• inter-response time (IRT)

  The measure of elapsed time between two successive responses

  Ex. - Bob clapped once, then clapped again 2 seconds later
• Discontinuous measurement

  Records a time sample of behavior during an observation. They do not capture every instance of behavior.
• Partial Interval Recording (PIR)

  Observer records a response as having occurred if it occurred at any time during the recording interval
• Whole Interval Recording (WIR)

  Occurrence is noted if behavior occurs for the entire interval. If behavior occurs almost the entire time, but not the whole time, it's a nonoccurence.
• Momentary time sampling (MTS)

  record if a response is occurring at the end of the interval.
• planned activity check (PLACHECK)

  Recording whether each person in a group is engaged in the target behavior at the moment that an interval ends.
• extinction

  the process by which a previously reinforced behavior is weakened by withholding reinforcement.
• punishment

  an event that decreases the future frequency of that behavior.
• positive punishment

  adding an undesirable stimulus to stop or decrease a behavior
• negative punishment

  a specific stimulus is removed or reduced after a behavior.
• ABC

  Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
• Antecendent

  what happens in the environment immediately before the behavior (discriminative stimuli and motivating operations).
• stimulus control

  When an antecedent stimulus reliably exerts control over a response
• discriminative stimulus (sd)

  a stimulus that signals that a consequence (reinforcer) is available
• motivating operation

  an environmental event/condition that increases/decreases the value of a consequence and increases the chance of a behavior that produces that consequence.
• establishing operations

  A type of MO that increases (establishes) the effectiveness of that consequence. Has an immediate but temporary effect that only lasts while the EO is at play.

  ex: being cold increases the value of a sweater as a reinforcer
• abolishing operations

  a type of MO that decreases (abolishes) the effectiveness of that consequence

  ex: eating a big meal decreases the value of food as a reinforcer
• attention

  socially mediated reinforcement produced by others, such as playing a game of tag, having a chat with a respected mentor
• escape

  getting away from noxious stimuli, such as math tests you are unprepared for, uncomfortable social situations.
• sensory

  sensory behavior is maintained by automatic reinforcement, i.e. the behavior is the reinforcer — think masturbating, reading a book, twirling your hair, etc.
• Tangible

  getting stuff such an ice cream or a toy
• behavior-altering effect

  increases the momentary probability of a behavior.
• incidental teaching

  teaching method where the therapist waits for the child to initiate a response with an item of interest; a time delay and prompting are used to evoke a request (mand) and questions are asked to evoke more elaborate language regarding the object(s) of interest
• Five Essential Components of a Skill Acquisition Plan

  1) target behavior

  2) materials / setting

  3) prompting strategies

  4) consequences

  5) mastery criteria

  6) planning for generalization & maintenance
• token economy

  a system where conditioned reinforcers (tokens) are earned by engaging in specific behavior(s). These are then exchanged periodically for backup reinforcers from a store.
• Discrete Trial Training

  A method of teaching readiness skills or other desired behaviors that involves a step-by-step approach of presenting a stimulus and requiring a specific response. If learner gives incorrect response then a correction procedure is used.
• Errorless teaching

  Procedure in which the prompt is provided right after the instruction.
• Naturalistic teaching

  teaching learner skills in the natural environment
• incidental teaching

  Form of naturalistic teaching that utilizes natural, unplanned, teaching opportunities
• response generalization

  one antecedent stimulus that evokes multiple responses or behaviors without additional teachings
• stimulus generalization

  same singular behavior across different stimuli
• Reinforcer Assessment

  identifies reinforcers, and sometimes determines a "break-point" where the response effort overcomes the value of the consequence
• Functional Analysis

  experimentally evaluate the controlling variables (function) of problem behavior. Environmental variables (antecedents and consequences) are manipulated and the effect on behavior is measured. Demonstrates causality that A causes B.
• Multiple Stimulus (MS) Preference Assessment

  Preference assessment where selections are available on each trial - generates a list that reflects an individuals most-preferred stimuli, when all options are available
• development assessment

  Arranges skills in the order in which they are typically learned, sometimes using statistical analyses or "phases of development"