uts premid

• Philosophy


  A particular set of ideas about knowledge, truth, the nature and meaning of life
• Philosophy employs the inquisitive mind to discover the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles of everything
• Philosophy goes beyond scientific investigation by exploring all areas of knowledge such as religion, psychology, politics, physics, and even medicine
• Etymological definition of philosophy

  Love of wisdom
• The different views of prominent philosophers regarding the nature of the self are discussed and while there are disagreements in how philosophers view the self, most of them agree that self-knowledge is a prerequisite to a happy and meaningful life
• How we choose to spend our lives

  Contributes to the development of identity and self-understanding
• SOCRATES


  • An unexamined life is not worth living
  • The soul is immortal
  • Physical realm (body) and ideal realm (soul)
• PLATO


  • The soul is immortal
  • Reason (divine essence), spirit or passion (basic motions), and physical appetite (basic biological needs)
  • If human beings do not live in accordance to their nature/function, the result will be injustice
• ARISTOTLE


  • The soul is the essence of self
  • Self-realization is attained by fulfilling man's threefold nature; Vegetative, Sentient and Rational
• ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO


  • I am doubting, therefore I am
  • The self seeks to be united with God through faith and reason
  • Human kind is created in the image and likeness of God
  • God is transcendent and everything created by God who is all good is good
• RENE DESCARTES


  • I think therefore I am
  • The self is a thinking thing distinct from the body
• JOHN LOCKE


  • The self is consciousness
  • The human mind at birth is a blank slate or tabula rasa
  • The self or personal identity is constructed primarily from sense of experience which shape and mold the self throughout a person's life
• DAVID HUME


  • There is no self, only a bundle of constantly changing perceptions passing through the theater of our minds
  • The idea of personal identity is a result of imagination
• IMMANUEL KANT


  • We construct the self
  • The self transcends experience
  • The self makes experiencing an intelligible word possible
• SIGMUND FREUD


  • The self consists of three layers: Conscious (reality principle), Unconscious (basic instinctual), and Preconscious (located between the first two)
• GILBERT RYLE


  • The self is the way people behave
  • I act, therefore I am
  • The self is the same as bodily behavior
• PAUL CHURCHLAND


  • The self is the brain
  • The self is inseparable from the brain and the physiology of the body
  • The physical brain gives us our sense of self
• MAURICE MERLEU PONTY


  • The self is embodied subjectivity
  • The consciousness, the world, and the human body are intricately intertwined in knowing the world