WW1 medicine

• what stage was a hospital in the chain of evacuation


  stage 4 on the French and Belgian coast
• who was Joeseph Lister


  he invented carbolic acid spray
• when was carbolic acid spray invented

  1865
• what was autoclave

  it used steam to sterilize a room
• who invented autoclaving

  Robert Koch
• what stage was the Casualty Clearing Station in the chain of evacuation


  stage 3
• what were features of the casualty clearing station

  7-12 miles away from the battlefield with water and electricity
• how many nurses worked at the Casualty Clearing Station

  502
• how many doctors worked at the Casualty Clearing Station

  379
• what stage was the Dressing Station in the chain of evacuation


  stage 2
• what were features of the Dressing Station

  took care of men for a week
• what was the RAP

  Regimental Aid Post
• what stage was the RAP in the chain of evacuation


  stage 1
• what were features of the RAP

  it holds men with minor injuries requiring first aid
• what was the VAD


  Voluntary Aid Detachment
• what did the VAD do


  an organisation of women who were allowed to go to the frontline because of FANY's hard work and helped in hospitals (not nurses)
• what was the FANY


  First Aid Nursing Yeomanry
• what was the RAMC


  Royal Army Medical Corps
• what did the RAMC do


  provided care on the front lines as medics
• what was chlorine gas


  caused inflammation in a soldiers airways and lungs making it hard to breathe
• how was lethal gas prevented

  gas masks and urine handkerchiefs
• what was mustard gas


  An odourless gas which worked in 12 hours, causing internal and external blisters and at worse blindness
• how many troops were killed by lethal gas

  6000
• how far could an artillery shell fire

  90kg of shells 12 miles
• how many people died from shells

  58% of deaths from shells or their shrapnel
• what caused shell shock

  the trauma of fighting in battles and the loud noises in battle
• what were the effects of shell shock

  nightmares, loss of speech, shaking mental breakdown, blindness, deafness and muscle spasms
• what was a consequence of shell shock

  being shot for cowardice
• how much fast could a machine gun fire

  450 rounds a minute with 500m to kill
• how many wounds from gun shots caused major blood loss or infection

  39%
• what was the survival rate of a gun shot wound

  20%
• how many people could not fight due to trench fever

  15%
• what caused trench fever

  lice
• what were the effects of trench fever

  high temperatures, severe headaches and aching
• what was done to treat trench fever

  delousing stations
• what was a delousing station

  chemical spray on soldiers to kill lice
• what caused trench foot

  mud and water on the feet for long periods of time
• what were the effects of trench foot

  numb, swollen and blistered feet that eventually began to rot due to the lack of blood flow
• what was used to treat trench foot

  rubbing fat into the foot, amputation and regular changing of socks
• what were trains used for

  transported soldiers joining and leaving the war to the frontline