B4-Bioenergetics

• What is photosynthesis?

  Reaction in which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose using energy from the sun.
• What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water -> Glucose + oxygen
• What is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Is photosynthesis an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

  Photosythesis is an endothermic reaction because it takes in energy from the environment (sunlight).
• What does a plant use the glucose from photosynthesis for?

  Respiration
• How does a plant store excess glucose?

  Starch - such as starch grains and storage organs.
• What else does a plant need in addition to glucose to make proteins?

  Nitrate ions and other mineral ions
• What is respiration?

  reaction in which mitochondria (in cells) react glucose and oxygen producing carbon dioxide and water transferring energy
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  oxygen + glucose -> water + carbon dioxide
• What is the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

  6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6H2O + 6CO2
• Is respiration an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

  Respiration is an exothermic reaction because it releases energy from glucose.
• What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and transfers more energy.
• Why do organisms need energy?

  synthesis of new molecules and breakdown of large molecules. Muscle contraction, maintaining body temperature, plants need energy for moving minerals.
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?

  Glucose -> lactic acid
• What are the productions of anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?

  Carbon Dioxide + Alcohol
• How do we use the anaerobic respiration of yeast in the food and drink industry?

  alcohol production, bread production.
• How does the heart rate change during exercise?

  Increases
• How does the breathing rate change during exercise?

  Increases
• Why do these changes to heart and breathing rates happen when we exercise?

  Due to the increased demand for energy. Cells need more oxygen and glucose.
• What is oxygen debt?

  The amount of oxygen that is needed to break down lactic acid.
• What is metabolism?

  The sum of all the reactions in the body.
• Which processes occur in the cells?

  Enzyme controlled processes such as respiration, production of proteins, breakdown of proteins.
• What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature
• What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

  light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature
• How can you measure the rate of photosynthesis?

  by measuring the amount of oxygen given off during the reaction