GEO. P2

Created by

sintiya

Cards (18)

Urban Futures- Manchester- AC
Importance- part of Northern powerhouse, 8th best University in UK, 54th best in the world, only airport (besides London) to have 2 runways
Way of life/ethnic influence- Up to 200 languages spoken in a day, has 2 premiership football teams, Chinatown in city centre
Contemporary- Affordable housing shortage- 80,000 on waiting list for social housing, 34% young working adults can't afford home, 28,000 fewer homes built than planned
Sustainable- Traffic- metrolink trams- no emissions, carries over 45 million passengers yearly, creates jobs (mechanic, bus driver)
Urban Futures- Sao Paulo- EDC
Importance- part of Golden Triangle, rich in iron ore + coffee, Brazil's largest wealthiest city
Way of life/ethnic influence- 99% speak Portuguese, Italian inf at Bela Vista, Japanese area- Liberdade
Contemporary- traffic- people spend over 1 month in traffic yearly, 5000 lives saved if air pollution levels drop- citizens more exposed to respiratory issues, $17.8 billion a year is lost productivity
Sustainable- traffic- metroline4- accessible to people of low income, creates jobs (bus driver, mechanic), 650,000 passengers yearly, takes cars off road lowers AP
Dynamic development- Ghana
Cocoa is a major export but is at risk of disease, weather- prices fluctuate
Tullow Oil helps gain exports of Timber, Tuna, Gold, Diamonds, discovered oil recently
2007- saw the worst flood of 30 years making cocoa crops 300,000 less than planned
1970- military takeovers held back development
Chinese investment- June 2006 of $66 million for Ghana's development projects- invested in Ghana's goldmines since
New government since 2017 offers more stability and chances for companies to invest in Ghana
Dynamic development- Ghana
MDG
8 goals total, 6 achieved, 2 partly achieved
achieved- improving universal primary education- used debt relief to create free schools- 100% more children educated, + 6% who are secondary school kids that missed education
not achieved- improving maternal health
Debt relief
2003- Ghana's debt was $6.6 billion, some cancelled, debt was then $2.3 billion - money saved spent on improving primary school education
since, borrowed more money- debt now is $28 billion
Dynamic development- Ghana
TNC influence
2019 - awarded 40 scholarships to needy students
2005 - anti malaria programme decreased cases of malaria by 80% in Obuasi, scheme wasn't rolled out to other places
2018 - offered free surgical procedures for disadvantaged people
2019 - health and safety failure lead to employee death
Dynamic development- Ghana
Top down aid development- Akosombo dam- a huge hydro-electric powered dam on river Volta
PRO: increased tourism, electricity sold to Togo
CONS: 80,000 had to leave the area for dam + lake to be made, snails carry and infect people with river blindness, lake attracts mosquitoes spreading malaria
Bottom up aid development- Water Aid
PRO: 2015 - improved sanitation for 49,000, gave fresh water and improved hygiene to 70,0000
CONS: Charities rely on donations, pumps may fail if the village is disorganised and don't look after them
21st century UK
UK Global conflict- Somalia
UN sent troops to monitor a ceasefire in 1992 but withdrawed in 1995- the fighting resumed - pointless because the troops didn't monitor for a while, only 3 years
British military trained Somalian army since January 2017 (operation TANGHAM)- British trained about 500 - not effective- many Somalian soldiers are untrained
UK invested £118 million to help over a million access water and sanitation- created 10,000 jobs - still many people don't have access to water or jobs
21st century UK
Oxfordshire- economic hub
Important for science and technology - Harwell Campus, around 1500 hi-tech companies located, e.g. Oxford instruments, 43,000 employed in hi-tech, lots of exports + foreign investment, world class Universities provide well-educated graduates
Changes overtime
Infrastructure- new road networks and plans to build a link between A40 and A44 to ease congestion as growth continues
21st century UK
Influence of Food on culture
Diversity of food increased - supermarket aisles are filled with food from around the world
Chinese takeaway is popular - Chicken tikka replaces fish and chips for number 1
restaurants like Nandos with diverse food
mix of languages- Urdu and Hindi spoken in streets and found in menus of restaurants
Resource reliance- Food security
UK general overview
9th in Global food security index
2008 - food spike saw prices rocket, wheat raises by 130%, rice by 74% - prices have dropped, but not to the same levels as before
Resource reliance- Food security
UK attempt at Food Security- New Castle food bank
in 2018 - West end food bank gave out almost 39,000 parcels suggesting the city is deprived
Food parcels reduce food insecurity by reducing hunger, improving diets and reducing shop food wastes
Problems- New castle food bank can't help the cause for people having food insecurity, relies on donations
Resource reliance- Food security
Post World War 2 intensification
After war, 1945, the UK had to maximise food production - food rationing didn't end until 1953 - Agriculture act 1947 aimed to secure food
was achieved by:
mono culture- just one crop over a large area
chemical- fertilisers, pesticides
mechanisation- using machines for higher yields of crops and animal development
PRO: increased UK food security - average wheat yields doubled since 1960
CONS: mono culture is wiped out by one pest, 50% fewer farms today
Resource reliance- Food security
Present day scheme- Thanet Earth hydroponics
a method of growing plants without soil - grown in water instead, containing nutrients
units can be built in places where crops would normally never grow (e.g. old factories, warehouses, underground)
A hydroponic unit on a window sill can provide a continuous source of salad for a family
Thanet Earth
PRO: pests=controlled by natural predators not chemicals, less space as can be grown closely together, creates (up to 700) jobs
CON: expensive to set up and run, needs lots of energy
Human Fieldwork- Media city
Planning- ensuring that the visiting area is safe and accessible
Hypothesis- the regeneration of Media city is successful
Data collection technique- (1) an environment quality survey- was scored 5, 4 of the sites for example litter, building design and upkeep, traffic, open spaces. We used a chart and pen, if regeneration was a success then they should score highly.
Data collection- (2) sustainability index. We scored each site on safety, litter, security, and culture- we used a score chart and pen- if regeneration is a success, then these should score highly as they are all important for a regeneration
(3) questionaire- we collected primary and secondary data from 100 people by asking about travel, frequency of visiting. We used a questionnaire and pen
Data processing- We put questionaire data onto a spreadsheet to make graphing and analysing data easier because we had to ask a lot of people
Data presentation- (1) we used a bar graph for people's travel method- the height of the bars make it very easy to differentiate the scores and scale of. (2) we used a radial graph for the environmental survey because scores on each spike shows clear differences and allow for easy comparison between the different sites at media city
Conclusion- 80% of people questioned said that Media city was easy to get to- less than half use a car suggesting regeneration is a success therefore proving our hypothesis as true. Has a cycle hub making it surprising how only 12% cycle. 90% called the area attractive, 60% was there for work which proves our hypothesis as true
Evaluation- We could have asked more people, visited on different days throughout the year to see how popular the area was and if it made a different to our results. We visited on a school day when there are more reasons to use transport for work, we may have asked the same person more than once which we should have checked for, sustainability index was my opinion- we could have made a group decision on what we score for each site- multiple opinions remove bias