integu

Cards (20)

  • Skin
    • Tough protective, external covering of the body that is continuous with the mucosa that lines the mouth, nose, anal canal, genital openings and eyes
  • Skin
    • Semi-permeable membrane that can absorb certain substances from its surface
  • Epidermis
    The more superficial layer; it is an epithelial coat derived from ectoderm
  • Dermis (corium)

    • Made up of connective tissue derived from mesoderm
    • Tissue elements of the dermis form irregular conical projections called dermal papillae
    • Anchored to the underlying tissues by loose connective tissue that is referred to as hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue that often contains numerous adipose cells
  • Epidermis
    • Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    • Most superficial layer is continuously shed and is completely renewed every 20 to 30 days
  • Keratinocytes
    Responsible for the renewal process due to its production of keratin
  • Layers of thick skin
    • Stratum basale (Stratum germinativum)
    • Stratum spinosum (Prickle cell layer)
    • Stratum granulosum
    • Stratum lucidum (Clear layer)
    • Stratum Corneum (Horny cell layer)
  • Layers of thin skin
    • Stratum spinosum and stratum corneum is thinner
    • Stratum granulosum is poorly developed and sometimes even absent
    • No stratum lucidum
  • Melanocytes
    Cells that are specialized to produce melanin pigment
  • Skin color pigments
    • Carotene
    • Hemoglobin
    • Melanin
  • Langerhans Cells

    • Myelold-related dendritic cells
    • Antigen-presenting cells
    • Most numerous in the stratum spinosum
    • Contain rod-shaped, membrane-bound granules called Birbeck granules or vermiform granules
  • Merkel cells
    • Least in number among the cell types in the epidermis
    • Disk shaped cells with short cytoplasmic processes
    • Supplied with an axon termination of a sensory neuron that penetrates the basal lamina
    • The axon termination of and the merkel cell forms Merkel disc- a sensory mechanical receptor that responds to pressure and touch
  • Papillary layer

    Made up of loose connective tissue that compromises that papillary layer form conical projections into the epidermis called dermal papillae
  • Reticular layer
    • Responsible for the toughness and strength of skin
    • Consist of dense irregular connective tissue that is richly supplied with blood vessels and whose collagen fibers form coarse bundles that are most oriented parallel to the skin
    • Sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles, when present, are embedded in the connective tissue of the reticular layer
  • Hypodermis (Subcutaneous tissue)

    • Refers to the loose connective tissue that binds the dermis of the skin to the underlying structures
    • It allows the skin to slide over the underlying structures
  • Nerve Endings in Skin
    To receive sensory stimuli and transmit the same to the central nervous system that regulate the activity of its glands and smooth muscle cells, including those in blood vessels
  • Hair
    • Is a filamentous, keratinized structure that covers practically the whole body
    • Hair has hardly any protective function but is still important to the sense of touch
    • The part afa hair that, projects from the surface of the skin while the part that is embedded in the skin is called root
    • Hair follicle is the point from which the hair grows
    • The part of the hair seen above the skin is called the hair shaft
  • Layers of hair shaft
    • Medulla
    • Cortex
    • Cuticle
  • Nail
    • Protects the ends of your fingers and toes
    • Nail plate: The hard part of your nail you can see
    • Nail bed: The skin under your nail plate
    • Cuticle: The thin skin at the base of your nail plate
    • Matrix: The "root" of your nail responsible for making it grow
    • Lunula: The white, moon-shaped part of your nail plate
  • Glands in the integumentary system
    • Sudoriferous glands (eccrine and apocrine)
    • Sebaceous glands
    • Ceruminous glands
    • Mammary glands