types of communicable diseases

• Measels:


  • caused by virus
  • spreads via airborne droplets (coughing or sneezing)
  • symptoms include: red skin rash, fever
  • treatment: MMR vaccination
  • prevention: MMR vaccination
• HIV:

  • caused by virus
  • spreads via blood, semen, vaginal fluids
  • symptoms include: flu-like symptoms, progresses to aids if untreated
  • treatment: antiretroviral drugs
  • prevention: safe sex practices (condom), no needle sharing
• TMV:

  • caused by virus
  • spreads via plant contact
  • symptoms include: discoloured leaves, stunted growth
  • treatment: no cure, prevention via hygiene.
  • prevention: proper plant handling and sanitation. if plant diseased, dig it up and burn it
• rose black spot:

  • caused by fungus
  • spreads via wind and water
  • symptoms include: purple/black spots on leaves, leaf fall
  • treatment: fungicides, remove affected leaves
  • prevention: proper sanitation, fungicide sprays
• malaria:

  • caused by protist
  • spreads via mosquito bite (vector)
  • symptoms include: fever episodes, chills, fatigue
  • treatment: antimalarial drugs
  • prevention: mosquito control, nets, insecticides, insect repellents to avoid bites
• salmonella:

  • caused by bacteria
  • spreads via contaminated foods (chicken), water
  • symptoms include: fever, vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhoea
  • treatment: antibiotics, vaccinations in animals (poultry)
  • prevention: food hygiene, clean surfaces, proper cooking, hand washing
• gonorrhoea:

  • caused by bacteria
  • spreads via sexual contact
  • symptoms include: painful urination, genital discharge (green or yellow)
  • treatment: antibiotics
  • prevention: barrier methods of contraception (condoms)
• crown gall:

  • caused by bacteria
  • spreads via wounds in roots or stems
  • symptoms include: knobbly swollen galls on plant stem, roots, branches
  • treatment: if detected remove and destroy affected plants
  • prevention: avoid injury or pruning wounds that may contact with soil, keep garden tools clean.
• How Pathogens Spread:

  WATER:

  • Drinking or bathing in CONTAMINATED water can lead to diseases like cholera.

  AIR:

  • Airborne pathogens are spread through droplets when someone with an infection COUGHS or SNEEZES.

  DIRECT CONTACT:

  • TOUCHING contaminated surfaces or skin-to-skin contact can transmit diseases such as athlete's foot.
• Reducing or Preventing the Spread of Disease:

  HYGIENE

  • WASHING hands and maintaining cleanliness.

   

  DESTROYING VECTORS:

  • Eliminating disease-carrying organisms (like insects) by using INSECTICIDES or destroying their HABITAT.

   

  ISOLATING INFECTED INDIVIDUALS:

  • Keep people with the disease AWAY from the general public to prevent them from spreading to others.

   

  VACCINATION:

  • Reduces the likelihood of DEVELOPING and PASSING ON the infection.