questions U & R

• Damage to the enteric nervous system that innervates the digestive organs could affect: motility. 
• The sympathetic nervous system: inhibits digestive processes. 
• Splanchnic circulation involves the blood supply that feeds and drains: abdominal digestive organs.
• Upon swallowing, food moves from the mouth directly into the: oropharynx 
• Mary's stroke left her unable to swallow. What specialized type of propulsion was affected? deglutition 
• The technical term for chewing is mastication.
• What is accomplished by the enterogastric reflex? The enterogastric reflex decreases vagal activity and acid secretion by the stomach.
• Which is not a reason the stomach is acidic? Emulsification of lipids
• Which of the following descriptions best matches the term gastrin?  stimulates gastric secretion 
• Which of the following is true regarding digestion and absorption in the stomach? Protein digestion begins in the stomach. 
• Circular folds and intestinal villi increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.
• What prevents bacteria and materials in the large intestine from flowing backward into the ileum of the small intestine?  ileocecal valve 
• In which organ is chyme mixed with pancreatic juice and bile? duodenum
• Haustra are : the source of colon hormones. 
• Cherise is lactose-intolerant because she produces insufficient amounts of an enzyme called: lactase. 
• Since her stomach was removed, Mrs. Lopez has the most difficulty initiating digestion of: protein
• An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is: trypsin.
• Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction of lactose into glucose and galactose?  lactase 
• The pancreatic juices transported in the main pancreatic duct are destined for the: duodenum
• Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's white blood cells attack and destroy exocrine glands, specifically the salivary glands. What could a patient with this syndrome expect? increased risk of dental cavities, or caries 
• A feature of the digestive tract wall that increases surface area available for absorption is the intestinal villi 
• Which of the following is NOT a major job of the digestive system?  manufacturing blood cells 
• The movement of nutrients from the digestive tract lumen across the epithelium is called absorption.
• Which of the following is NOT a process occurring in the oral cavity? segmentation
• Which of the following statements is not true of swallowing?  The esophageal phase is a voluntary phase. 
• What region of the stomach does food first enter after its passage through the relaxed gastroesophageal sphincter?  cardia 
• Chief cells secrete pepsinogen
• The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the entry of food into the stomach. 
• The enzyme pepsin digests  proteins 
• Submucosal (or Brunner's) glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the duodenum
• What creates the taeniae coli? longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa 
• Which nervous system controls the migrating motor complex of the small intestine? enteric nervous system
• Which process, known as intestinal churning, involves a squeezing motion of the circular layer of smooth muscle in the small intestine?  segmentation 
• The digestion of which food group may be affected by an inadequate amount of stomach acid? proteins 
• Chemical protein digestion begins in the Stomach
• The removal of the gallbladder will affect:  bile storage. 
• How is fructose absorbed across the apical enterocyte membrane? facilitated diffusion 
• The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of pancreatic acini. 
• A glomerulus is: a set of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. 
• Which of these is a hormone that lowers blood volume and blood pressure? atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)