observations

• naturalistic - watching and recording behaviour in a setting where it will normally take place
• pro naturalistic - high ecological and external validity
• con naturalistic - replication can be difficult
• controlled - recording behaviour in an environment in structured setting
• controlled pro - control over variables
• controlled cons - low ecological validity
• overt - participants are being awared that they are watched
• overt pros - ethical
• overt cons - social desirability bias
• covert - don't know they are being watched
• covert pros - natural behaviour leads to high internal validity
• covert cons - ethics
• particpant - researcher is part of group being observed
• participant pros - more insightful
• participant cons - loose objectivity
• non participant - researcher observes from distance
• non participant pros - more objective
• non participant cons - loose insight