UCSP Q3

• Goals of Anthropology:

  • Pursue a holistic understanding of what it means to be human
  • Understand the uniqueness and diversity of human behavior and human societies around the world
  • Discover the fundamental similarities that connect human beings throughout the world
• Goals of Sociology:

  • Better understanding of humankind. It allows you to gain a greater understanding of the complex and simple nature of humans and their societies.
  • Understand and cope with changes in society.
• Goals of Politics:

  • Make people a better citizens.
  • Keep social order and harmony among different group of people.
  • Protect the rights of an individual. Avoid conflict and promote cooperation.
• Culture is the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution or organization. Set of patterns of human activity within a community or social group.
• Types of Culture:

  • Material
  • Non-material
• Material Culture

  It refers to the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to definite their culture.
• Non-material Culture

  It includes ideas, beliefs, social roles, rules, ethics, and attitudes of a society.
• Characteristics of Culture:

  • Culture is learned
  • Culture si shared
  • Culture is symbolic
  • Culture is integrated
  • Culture is dynamic
• Cultural Variation

  Refers to the differences in social behaviors that cultures exhibit around the world.
• Examples of Cultural Variation:

  • Clothing
  • Food
  • Features
  • Religion
• Religion

  A set of organized beliefs, practices, and systems that most often relate to the belief and worship of a controlling force, such as a personal god or another supernatural being.
• Example of Social Difference:

  • Sex
  • Gender Roles
  • Socio-economic Class
  • Ethnicity
  • Race
  • Gender
• Sex

  Refers to the biological characteristics that distinguish a male from a female.
• Gender Roles

  Refers to attitudes and behaviors that the society expect a person based on his/her sex.
• Socio-economic Class

  The high income, the middle income, and low income class.
• Ethnicity

  Refers to the ethnic group who have common culture, language, and history.
• Race

  Refers to the group of people who shared inherited physical characteristics such as skin color, facial features, and body structure.
• Gender

  Attributes are shaped by the economy, by religion, by culture, and traditional values to which an individual belongs.
• Political Identities

  Refers to political position based on the interests and perspective of social groups.
• Concepts or Elements of Culture:

  • Values
  • Norms
  • Language
  • Symbol
  • Religion
• Values

  Individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or another. They serve as a guide for human behavior.
• Norms

  A standard of achievement or behavior that is required, desired, or designated as normal.
• Language

  A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.
• Symbol

  The basis of culture. An object, word, or action that stands for something else with no natural relationship that is culturally defined.
• Religion

  A set of organized beliefs, practices, and systems that most often relate to the belief and worship of a controlling force, such as a personal god or another supernatural being.
• Classification of Culture:

  1. Stability - Stable and Unstable Culture
  2. Pattern - Transmissive and Dynamic
• Functions of Culture:

  1. Provision of education
  2. Provides communication
  3. Helps individuals fulfill their potential as a social being
  4. Acts as a social glue that helps to bind the people together
  5. Serves as a trademark or special feature that distinguishes one society from one another
• Society

  A group of people living together in a definite territory, having a sense of belongingness, mutually interdependent of each other, and follow a certain way of life.
• Why do people live together as a society?

  1. Sense of belonging
  2. Survival
  3. Specializations
• Components of Society:

  1. Population
  2. Organization
  3. Product
  4. Institution
  5. Territory
  6. Culture
• Population

  Deals with numbers. It refers to a total sum of the people in a certain geographical region, say town, city, state, country, continent, or even the whole world.
• Organization

  In sociology, it is a pattern of relationships between and among individuals and social groups.
• Product

  It is indispensable to culture. They refer to objects or physical belongings of a population, which include various tangible items.
• Institution

  It is an interrelated system of social roles and social norms, organized around the satisfaction of an important social need or social function.
• Territory

  It is the geographical area subject to the sovereignty, control, or jurisdiction of a state or other entity.
• Culture

  It is a way of life that a whole society ascribes to, including rituals, art, attire, food, language, religion, art, and codes of behavior.
• Elements of Society:

  • Interdependence
  • Cooperation
  • Conflict
• Functions of Society:

  • Satisfaction of basic needs
  • Preservation of order
  • Management of education
  • Management of the economy
  • Division of labor
  • Communication management
  • Preservation and transmission of culture
  • Leisure
  • Spirituality
• Sociological Perspective

  Human behavior is shaped by the groups to which people belong and by the social interaction that takes place within those groups.
• 3 Major Sociological Perspective:

  • Symbolic Interactionism
  • Structural Functionalism
  • Conflict Theory