PE3 Vocabulary

• The crust is

  Solid
• the temperature of the mantle is

  4000-1000
• the mantle is

  partly melted
• the temperature of the outer core is

  5500
• the outer core is

  liquid
• the temperature of the inner core is

  6000
• the inner core is

  solid
• the inner core is made up of

  iron and nickel
• the outer core is made of

  iron and nickel
• the mantle is made up of

  partly melted rock
• the crust is where


  we live, broken into plates
• the mantel is the location of

  convection currents
• the outer core causes

  magnetic field
• list the 5 pieces of evidence that Alfred Wegener used to support the Theory of Continental Drift

  • Identical fossils found on different continents
  • sea fossils found high in the mountain tops
  • mountains of the same age found on different continents
  • evidence of glaciers in warm climates
  • coal found in cold climates
• after technology explained how the continents moved, what was the new theory called?

  The theory of plate tectonics
• Name the three plate movements

  divergent, convergent, transform
• state the difference between gradual and sudden changes on earth + one example

  gradual - happens slowly like plates drifting apart

  sudden - happens quickly like plates moving on top of each other
• what causes earthquakes


  plates moving against each other
• Explain the difference between epicenter and focus


  epicenter is where the earthquake happens on the crust, focus in the center of chaos
• two differences between p waves and S waves

  1. P waves are faster than S waves
  2. P waves go through solid, liquid and gas while S waves only go though solids
• What is the richter scale and what does it mesure?


  A scale for earthquake energy. It classifies the different intensities of earthquakes
• what is the tool that seismologists use to mesure the magnitude of an earthquake?

  A seismograph
• Describe surface waves


  roll and damage, travels from the epicenter after p & S waves. big on seismographs, really slow.
• how are volcano formed?

  plates drift apart and form cracks that release lava, steam, and ash. near plate boundaries where subduction zones exist
• three types of volcanoes

  shield, composite, and cone volcanoes
• explain the following: extinct, dormant and active volcanoes

  extinct :  those which have not erupted in human history

  dormant: one that has not erupted recently but is expected to do so again

  active: have a recent history of eruptions; they are likely to erupt again
• what is the ring of fire and what type of plate movement causes it

  ring of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean. oceanic plate is subducted by the continental plate.
• explain the formation of folded mountains

  tectonic plates collide or undergo subduction. the plates buckle and fold.
• synclines and anticline are?

  synclines are the lower part and anticline are the higher part
• thrust fault mountains

  converging tectonic plates cause breaking one section of land slip over the other
• fault-block mountains:

  diverging tectonic plates, the crust is pulled apart
• how can you tell the difference between an old and a young mountain?

  old mountains are weathered away by mechanical weathering at the tip, leaving a smooth rounded top. young ones are still pointy and sharp