Sopsy2

• Ambivalent Sexism


  A form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women that reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and feelings and affectionate and chivalrous but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings
• Aversive Racism


  Racism that concerns the ambivalence between fair-minded attitudes and beliefs, on the one hand, and unconscious and unrecognized prejudicial feelings and beliefs, on the other hand
• Contact Hypothesis


  The theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce intergroup prejudice under certain conditions
• Discrimination


  Behavior directed against persons because of their membership in a particular group
• Illusory Correlation


  An overestimate of the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated
• Implicit Racism


  Racism that operates unconsciously and unintentionally
• Ingroup Favoritism


  The tendency to discriminate in favor of ingroups over outgroups
• Ingroups


  Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity
• Jigsaw Classroom


  A cooperative learning method used to reduce racial prejudice through interaction in group efforts
• Modern Racism


  A form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize
• Outgroup Homogeneity Effect


  The tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than among members of ingroup
• Outgroups


  Groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity
• Prejudice


  Negative feelings toward persons based on their membership in certain groups
• Racism

  Prejudice and discrimination based on a person's racial background, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one racial group over another
• Realistic Conflict Theory


  The theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources
• Relative Deprivation


  Feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared with others
• Sexism


  Prejudice and discrimination based on a person's gender, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one gender over another
• Social Categorization


  The classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes
• Social Identity Theory


  The theory that people favor ingroups over outgroups in order to enhance their self-esteem
• Social Role Theory


  The theory that small gender differences are magnified in perception by the contrasting social roles occupied by men and women
• Stereotype Content Model


  A model proposing that the relative status and competition between groups influence group stereotypes along the dimensions of competence and warmth
• Stereotypes


  A belief or association that links a whole group of people with certain traits or characteristics
• Stereotype Threat


  The experience of concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about one's group
• Stigmatized


  Being persistently stereotyped, perceived as deviant, and devalued in society because of membership in a particular social group or because of a particular characteristic
• Subliminal Presentation


  A method of presenting stimuli so faintly or rapidly that people do not have any conscious awareness of having been exposed to them
• Superordinate Goal


  A shared goal that can be achieved only through cooperation among individuals or groups
• System Justification Theory


  A theory that proposes that people are motivated (at least in part) to defend and justify the existing social, political, and economic conditions
• Priming


  The tendency for recently used or perceived words or ideas to come to mind easily and influence the interpretation of new information
• Self-fulfilling Prophecy


  The process by which one's expectations about a person eventually lead that person to behave in ways that confirm those expectations
• Situational Attribution


  Attribution to factors external to an actor, such as the task, other people, or luck
• Social Perception


  A general term for the processes by which people come to understand one another
• Confirmation Bias


  The tendency to seek, interpret, and create information that verifies existing beliefs
• Counterfactual Thinking


  The tendency to imagine alternative events or outcomes that might have occurred but did not
• Covariation Principle


  A principle of attribution theory that holds that people attribute behavior to factors that are present when a behavior occurs and are absent when it does not
• False-consensus Effect


  The tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions, attributes, and behaviors
• Fundamental Attribution Error


  The tendency to focus on the role of personal causes and underestimate the impact of situations on other people's behavior
• Impression Formation


  The process of integrating information about a person to form a coherent impression
• Information Integration Theory


  The theory that impressions are based on (1) perceiver dispositions and (2) a weighted average of a target person's traits
• Mind Perception


  The process by which people attribute humanlike mental states to various animate and inanimate objects, including other people
• Need for Closure


  The desire to reduce cognitive uncertainty, which heightens the importance of first impressions