4M's of Operation

• Operations


  All the activities required to create and deliver an organization's goods or services to its customers or clients
• Operations Management


  Concerned with planning, organizing and supervising in the contexts of production, manufacturing or the provision of services (to improve operations)
• Production


  An activity that converts materials into useful forms
• What OPERATIONS looks like


  1. Input

  2. Process

  3. Output

  4. Consumption
• Four Key Areas of Operations Management Function

  • Strategic Operations Management - Plan the long-term business competitiveness and viability
  • Product Design - Decide about the features of a product
  • Supply Chain Management - Control the activities on the acquisition of inputs and delivery of outputs to customers
  • Quality Management - Measure and maintain product quality & resolve product quality problems
• The 4 M's of Operations

  • Manpower
  • Method
  • Machines
  • Materials
• Manpower


  • The workforce involved in the manufacturing process of business
  • Any business no matter how advanced or automated still requires people
• Criteria to Consider in Hiring Workforce

  • Educational qualifications and experience required for the job
  • Status of employment (permanent or contractual)
  • Number of employees/ staffs needed in the job
  • Skills and expertise required
  • Availability of potential workers in the community
  • Salary requirements and other mandatory benefits
• Method


  • The system and step by step process in the business
  • The process or technique of converting raw materials to finished products
• Factors Dependent on Methods

  • Product to produce
  • Mode of production
  • Manufacturing equipment to use
  • Required skills to do the work
• Machines


  • Manufacturing equipment used in the production of goods or delivery of services
• Factors to Consider with Equipment

  • Cost of the equipment
  • Capacity of the equipment
  • Availability of spare parts in the local market
  • Efficiency and durability of the equipment
  • Skills required in operating the equipment
• Materials


  • Raw materials needed in the production or manufacturing of a product
• Factors to Consider with Materials

  • Cost
  • Quality
  • Availability
  • Credibility of suppliers
  • Waste that the raw materials may produce