MICROBIO

• test tube holder


  are very common in the laboratory setting.
• test tube holder


  These are finger-like lengths of glass or clear plastic tubing which is open in one end and rounded with a U-shaped bottom.
• microscope glass slides


  A thin flat piece of glass used to hold objects for examination under the microscope.
• microscope slides


  The specimen for observation is usually placed or "mounted "on the slide and then both are inserted together in the microscope for magnification.
• inoculation loop


  A simple tool that is used to retrieve an inoculum from a culture of microorganism.
• inoculation loop


  It is also known as a smear loop, an inoculating wand or microstreaker.
• inoculation loop


  It is used in the cultivation of microbes on Petri dishes by transferring the inoculum for stealing.
• inoculation loop


  is first sterilized in a flame until it turns to red-hot before and after each use in order to prevent cross-contamination. Right after flame the killing of the next cells upon which the inoculation loop touches.
• pipette


  An instrument that is used to transport a measured volume of liquid.
• pipette


  they come in different designs because of the different purposes they serve requiring different level of accuracy and precision.
• TYPES OF PIPETTE


  1. Fillers

  2. Helpers

  3. Light-guided pipetting systems

  4. Pipette tips
• bunsen burner


  Named after Robert Bunsen
• bunsen burner


  is a laboratory equipment that produces a single open gas flame for heating, sterilization and combustion.
• petri dish


  Named after Julius R. Petri
• petri dish


  is a shallow cylindrical covered container or dish that is often made of glass or plastic.
• petri dish


  It is used to culture cells or small moss plants.
• medical autoclave


  The simplest forms of autoclave.
• medical autoclave


  It is steam to sterilize equipment and other objects in order to inactivate microorganisms.
• BASIC MICROBIOLOGY MEDIA


  It is essential that scientists are able to grow or culture them under controlled conditions. Culture medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells or small plates.
• Two Fundamental types of culture media


  cell culture and microbiological culture
• Nutrient broths


  contains amino acids and nitrogen although its source may contain other compounds with unknown composition.
• Types of culture media


  1. nutrient broth and Agar plates
• Nutrient broths


  These contain all the elements that most bacteria need to grow.
• Nutrient broths


  These are non-selective so it is used for general cultivation and maintenance of bacteria kept in laboratory culture collections
• Agar plates


  a petri plate that contains a growth medium in order to culture or grow microorganisms or even small plants such as moss. In some instances, selective growth compounds can be added to the media such as antibiotics.
• GENERAL TYPES OF MEDIA ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

  1. Minimal media

  2. Selective media

  3. Differential media

  4. Transport media

  5. Enriched media
• Minimal media


  contain minimum nutrients possible for colony growth usually in the absence of amino acids
• Selective media


  used for the culture of only select microorganisms.
• Differential media


  also known as indicator media, used to differentiate one microorganism from another grown on the same media using the biochemical characteristics of microorganisms.
• Transport media


  used as a temporary storage of specimens being transported to the laboratory for cultivation contains only buffers and salt
• Enriched media


  contain nutrients required to support the growth of a variety of microorganisms, including fastidious species.
• TYPE OF BLOOD AGAR PLATE

  1. Blood agar plate

  2. Chocolate agar

  3. Thayer-Martin agar

  4. Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose-enriched agar
• Blood agar plate


  contains mammalian blood used to isolate fastidious organisms and detect hemolytic activity such as Streptococcal species.
• Chocolate agar


  a type of blood agar plate where the blood cells have been blessed by heating the cells to 56oC and is used to culture fastidious respiratory bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae.
• Thayer-Martin agar


  chocolate agar used to isolate Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose-enriched agar


  a type of blood agar plate that enhances the growth of Vibrio Species including V. cholerae
• TYPES OF GENERAL BACTERIAL MEDIA

  1. Bile esculin agar

  2. Cetrimide agar

  3. Cysteine-lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar

  4. Hektoen enteric agar (HEA)

  5. Mannitol salt agar (MSA)

  6. McConkey agar (MAC)

  7. Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA)

  8. Nutrient agar

  9. Onoz agar

  10. Phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA)

  11. Tinsdale agar

  12. R2A agar

  13. Tryptic soy agar (TSA)

  14. Xylose - lysine deoxycholate agar (XLD)
• Bile esculin agar


  used to isolate Enterococci and group D Streptococci
• Cetrimide agar


  used to isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Cysteine-lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar


  used to isolate and differentiate urinary tract bacteria through inhibition of Proteus species from swarming can also differentiate lactose-fermenters and non-lactose fermenting bacteria