Ass.

• VALID


  The test measures what it purports to measure
• UTILITY


  Usefulness of a test
• Construction workers


  • Do not give SRA Verbal; use Panukat ng Katalinuhang Pilipino, Culture Fair tests, or Abstract Reasoning tests
• TEST DEVELOPMENT


  1. Test conceptualization

  2. Pilot work/pilot study/pilot research

  3. Test construction

  4. Test tryout

  5. Item analysis

  6. Test rendition
• TEST CONCEPTUALIZATION


  An early stage of test development wherein idea for a particular test is conceived
• Factors determined in test conceptualization

  • Construct
  • Goal
  • User
  • Taker
  • Administration
  • Format
  • Response
  • Benefits
  • Costs
  • Interpretation
• Norms-Referenced


  Type of test where performance is compared to a norm group
• Criterion-Referenced


  Type of test where performance is compared to a specific standard or criterion
• PILOT WORK/PILOT STUDY/PILOT RESEARCH


  1. May be in the form of interview in determining appropriate item for the test

  2. May entail literature review, experimentation, or any efforts that researcher may cause in order to determine the items that might be included in the test
• PILOT TEST


  Scientific investigation of a new test's validity and reliability for a specific purpose
• TEST CONSTRUCTION


  Writing test items as well as formatting items, scoring rules, and otherwise designing and building a test
• It is not good to create an item that contains numerous ideas
• SCALING


  Process by which a response can be scored or weighted setting rules for assigning numbers in measurement
• PRIMARY SCALES OF MEASUREMENT

  • Nominal
  • Ordinal
  • Interval
  • Ratio
• NOMINAL


  Categorically discrete non-parametric data; no numerical value; not quantitative
• Examples of nominal data

  • Type of a car
  • Name of a book
  • Male or female
• CODING


  Using numbers as labels, not as numerical values
• ORDINAL


  Non-parametric quantities that have a natural ordering
• Examples of ordinal data


  • Intelligence Quotient
  • Rating Scales like Likert Scale
  • Shirt Sizes
• CLASSIFICATION


  Clustered in groups
• Examples of classification


  • Shirt sizes grouped together
  • Hair color grouped together
• INTERVAL


  Parametric; equally splits each value, has zero but no absolute zero
• RATIO


  Parametric interval data with a natural or absolute zero point
• Examples of ratio data

  • Degrees Kelvin
• ABSOLUTE ZERO


  Total absence of a certain variable
• Example of absolute zero


  • Pitch black room
• COMPARATIVE SCALES OF MEASUREMENT

  • Paired comparison
  • Rank order
  • Constant sum
  • Q-sort technique
• PAIRED COMPARISON


  Comparative technique in which a respondent is presented with two objects at a time and asked to select one object according to some criterion
• Examples of paired comparison

  • Select the behavior that you think would be more justified: (a) cheating on taxes if one has a chance, (b) accepting a bribe in the course of one's duties
  • Pairing the different brands of cold drink with one another please put a check mark in the box corresponding to your preference
• RANK ORDER


  Respondents are presented with several items simultaneously and asked to rank them in order of priority
• Example of rank order


  • Rank the following brands of cold drinks you like most and assign it a number 1. Then find the second most preferred brand and assign it a number 2. Continue this procedure until you have ranked all the brands of cold drinks in order of preference.
• CONSTANT SUM


  Respondents are asked to allocate a constant sum of units such as points, rupees or chips among a set of stimulus objects with respect to some criterion
• Example of constant sum


  • Between attributes of detergent, please allocate 100 points among the attributes so that your allocation reflects the relative importance you attach to each attribute.
• 1. SORT TECHNIQUE


  Comparative scale that uses a rank order procedure to sort objects based on similarity with respect to some criterion
• Example of Q-sort technique


  • The bag given to you contain pictures of 90 magazines. Please choose 10 magazines you prefer most, 20 magazines you like, 30 magazines which you are neutral (neither like nor dislike), 20 magazines you dislike and 10 magazines you prefer least.
• NON-COMPARATIVE SCALES OF MEASUREMENT

  • Rating scales
  • Categorical scaling
• RATING SCALES


  A grouping of words, statements, or symbols on which judgments of the strength of a particular trait, attitude or emotion are indicated by the test taker
• Types of rating scales

  • Continuous rating scales
  • Itemized rating scale
  • Likert scale
  • Visual analogue scale
  • Semantic differential scale
  • Staple scale
• CONTINUOUS RATING SCALES


  The respondent's rate the objects by placing a mark at the appropriate position on a continuous line that runs from one extreme of the criterion variable to the other
• Example of continuous rating scale


  • How would you rate the TV advertisement as a guide for buying?