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• Cavite Mutiny


  Uprising among soldiers in Cavite, Philippines in 1872
• The Spanish version and the Filipino version of the Cavite Mutiny differ
• Governor Izquierdo prohibited the founding of a school of arts and trades organised by native Filipinos, believing it was a pretext for a political club
• Governor Izquierdo classified supporters of the previous governor as "suspicious persons"
• Governor Izquierdo ordered Cavite arsenal and barracks workers to pay tribute and work on public improvements, causing dissatisfaction and a strike
• Cavite Mutiny


  1. Uprising in San Felipe fort

  2. Commanding officer and Spanish officers assassinated

  3. 40 marines and 22 artillerymen involved

  4. Rebels put to the sword by reinforced native troops
• The Cavite Mutiny was used by Spanish residents and friars as a "powerful lever" against Filipino influence
• The conservative element in the Philippines represented to the Spanish government that a vast conspiracy was organised to destroy Spanish sovereignty
• The Spanish government adopted repressive measures without properly investigating the extent of the alleged revolution
• Many prominent Filipinos were persecuted and punished without distinction by the military authorities
• The persecution of Filipinos who opposed the friars, such as the priests Burgos, Zamora and Gomez, strengthened the power of the religious orders in the Philippines
• The persecutions served as a stimulus and educative force, leading to secret rebellion and passive resistance against abuses
• The Spanish government did nothing to heal the wounds and ill-feeling between Filipinos and Spaniards caused by the Cavite Mutiny
• Governor Izquierdo announced he would govern the people "with a crucifix in one hand and a sword in the other"
• Cavite Mutiny


  1872
• Spanish Version of the Cavite Mutiny


  Written by Jose Montero y Vidal
• Izquierdo


  • Successor to La Torre as Governor of the Philippines
  • Assumed control on April 4, 1871
• Cavite revolt of 1872


  • Most eventful episode during Izquierdo's rule
• Abolition of privileges enjoyed by Cavite arsenal laborers was a cause of the insurrection
• Other causes of the insurrection

  • Spanish revolution which overthrew a secular throne
  • Propaganda against monarchical principles
  • Democratic and republican books and pamphlets
  • Speeches and preachings of apostles of new ideas in Spain
  • Outbursts of American publicists
  • Criminal policy of senseless Governor sent by Revolutionary government to govern the Philippines
• Conspiracy had been going on since the days of La Torre with utmost secrecy
• Locations where principal leaders met


  • House of Filipino Spaniard, D. Joaquin Pardo de Tavera
  • House of native priest, Jacinto Zamora
• Curate of Bacoor (Cavite) was the soul of the movement, with energetic character and immense wealth
• Groups involved in the conspiracy

  • Garrison of Manila (mostly native soldiers)
  • Multitude of civilians
• Planned uprising

  1. Soldiers to assassinate their officers

  2. Servants to kill their master

  3. Escort of Captain General at Malacañang to dispose of the governor

  4. Friars and other Spaniards to have their turn

  5. Pre-concerted signal among conspirators was firing of rockets from city walls
• Various circumstances upset the plans and made the conspiracy a dismal failure
• Fiesta of patron saint in Sampaloc district


  Fireworks and rockets fired into the air, mistaken by Cavite conspirators as the signal to revolt
• At 9:30pm on January 20, 200 native soldiers under Sergeant La Madrid rose up in arms, assassinated the commander of the fort and wounded his wife
• Military governor of Cavite, D. Fernando Rojas, dispatched two Spaniards to inform Manila authorities but they were killed by natives
• Employee of the arsenal, D. Domingo Mijares, arrived in Manila at midnight and informed the commandant of Marine, who relayed the news to Governor Izquierdo
• Response by Manila authorities

  1. Two regiments under D. Felipe Ginoves left for Cavite on merchant vessels

  2. Ginoves demanded rendition and waited all day of 21st for rebels to surrender

  3. On 22nd, Ginoves launched assault, putting majority of rebels to the sword and making prisoners of the rest
• On 22nd, official proclamation announced the suppression of the revolt
• Individuals arrested as instigators

  • Don Jose Burgos
  • D. Jacinto Zamora, curates of the Cathedral
  • D. Mariano Gomez, curate of Bacoor (Cavite)
  • Several other Filipino priests
  • D. Antonio Maria Regidor, lawyer and Regidor of the Ayuntamiento
  • D. Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Consejero de Administracion
  • Pedro Carillo, Gervasio Sanchez and Jose Mauricio de Leon, Lawyer Enrique Paraiso and Jose and Pio Basa, employees
  • Crisanto Reyes, Maximo Paterno and several other Filipinos
• Judicial proceedings


  1. Council of war passed sentence of death on 41 rebels

  2. On 27th January, Captain-General fixed "cumplase" on the sentence

  3. On 6th February, 11 more sentenced to death, commuted to life imprisonment

  4. On 8th, sentence of death pronounced on Camerino and 10 years imprisonment of 11 individuals of "Guias de la Torre"

  5. On 15th February, Filipino priests Burgos, Zamora and Gomez, and Francisco Saldua sentenced to death by strangulation, Inocencio, Paraiso and Reyes to 10 years imprisonment
• On 17th February, execution of Burgos, Zamora, Gomez and Saldua took place in Bagumbayan
• Suspension from law practice

  On 3rd April 1872, Audencia suspended Basa, Pardo de Tavera, Regidor, Carillo, Sanchez and de Leon
• Izquierdo requested sending of Spanish troops for defense of fort, as most found there were natives
• Response by government


  1. On 4th April 1872, dissolved native regiment of artillery and ordered creation of artillery force composed exclusively of Peninsulares

  2. Peninsular troops arrived in Manila in July 1872
• Sto. Domingo Church celebrated special mass on arrival of troops, attended by high officials, religious corporations and general public