DRRR FINAL EXAM

• DISASTER RISK


  The probability that a hazard would hit a vulnerable community would result in loss of lives and physical damage
• Natural processes that shape and change our environment

  • Plate tectonics – leading to mountain building, volcanism, ocean formation, etc.
  • Atmospheric processes – formation of clouds, precipitation, wind, etc.
  • Biological accumulation – reef building, colony formation, forestation, etc.
  • Human activities – urbanization, extracting resources, geoengineering, etc.
• Disaster


  A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses and impacts which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources
• Ring of Fire


  A string of volcanoes and sights of seismic activity, or earthquakes, around the edges of the Pacific Ocean
• There is no such thing as a 'natural disaster', only "natural hazards"
• Disaster Risk Reduction


  Aims to 'reduce the damage' caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, droughts, and cyclones, through an ethic prevention
• Hazard


  A dangerous phenomenon, substances, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage
• When does a natural event become a hazard?

  • Natural Hazards
  • Man-made and Technological Hazards
• Natural Hazards


  Naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events
• Biological Hazard


  Process or phenomenon of organic origin or conveyed by biological vectors/agents, including exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, and bioactive substances
• Geological Hazard


  Geological process or phenomenon - natural process, originates from the solid earth-geosphere
• Hydrometeorological Hazard


  "Hydro" means water while "meteoros" means sky - process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature
• Man-made and Technological Hazards


  A hazard originating from technological or industrial conditions, including accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures, or specific human activities
• Impacts of a Disaster

  • Loss of lives
  • Injuries
  • Diseases
  • Damage to properties
  • Destructions of assets
  • Loss of services
  • Economic disruptions
  • Social disruptions
  • Environmental degradation
  • Negative effects on Humans such as physical, mental, and social well-being
• Physical Factors


  Tangible objects or infrastructure, availability of fire exits, the sturdiness of the building, the presence or absence of objects that can harm you or help you
• "Buildings kill people, not earthquakes."
• Six (6) General Categories of Psychological perspectives

  • Specific psychological problems
  • Nonspecific distress
  • Health problems and concerns
  • Chronic problems in living
  • Psychosocial resource loss
  • Problems specific to youth
• Psychological Factors


  Mental capacity, health perception of self (ex. self-assessment of capability to respond to disasters, fear)
• Socio-cultural Factors


  Religion, social status, traditions, perception by societies
• Social-marketing (Economic) Factors


  Assets and liabilities, Income, economic class
• Forces shaping disaster governance arrangements and challenges


  • Globalization
  • World-system dynamics
  • Social inequality
  • Socio-demographic trends
• Political Factors


  Government structure, diplomatic issues
• Biological Factors


  Flora and fauna in environment, health diseases
• Disaster are frequently described as a result of the combination of

  • Exposure to a hazard
  • The conditions of vulnerability that are present
  • Insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences
• Hazards


  Refers to anything that is a source of danger or interruption
• Hazard is a threat. It has the potential to cause harm to


  • People
  • Human activity
  • Property
  • Environment
• Modes of Hazard


  • Dormant Hazards
  • Armed Hazards
  • Active Hazards
• Vulnerability


  Can be defined as the diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope up, resist and recover from the impact of a natural or man-made hazard
• Capacity


  Refers to "all the strengths", attributes, and resources available within a community, organization, or society that can be used to achieve an agreed goal
• Capacity development


  The process through which individuals, organizations, and societies obtain, strengthen, and maintain the capabilities to set and achieve their own development objectives over time
• Capacity assessment


  Process whereby people identify resources they rely on in times of crisis to reduce the damaging effects of hazards and to secure the sustainability of their livelihood
• Earthquake


  An unexpected and rapid shaking of the earth due to the breakage and shifting of layer underneath the earth and strikes all of a sudden at any time of day or night
• Types of Earthquakes


  • Tectonic Earthquake
  • Volcanic Earthquake
• Fault


  Refers to a fracture, fissure or a zone of weakness where movement or displacement has occurred or may occur again
• Deformation


  When the shape of a rock changes due to stress
• Kinds of Deformation movement


  • Upwelling
  • Sinking
• Stress


  • Compression
  • Tension
  • Shearing
• Two Kinds of Shocks

  • Foreshocks
  • Aftershocks
• The Philippines is vulnerable to earthquakes because it is located along the "Pacific Ring of Fire"
• Most Common Earthquake-Related Hazards

  • Ground Shaking
  • Ground Rapture
  • Tsunami
  • Liquefaction