Arterial Blood collection

• Arterial blood


  Oxgenated blood found throughout the circulation
• Deoxygenated blood pathway

  lungs, where the blood is oxygenated. From the lungs, it is released through your left ventricle and into the circulation.
• Arterial blood


  Oxygenated

  From the lungs

  Bright red

  Uniform in composition
• Venous blood


  Deoxygenated

  From the circulation

  Dark red

  Has varied composition
• why does venous blood have varied composition?

  absorbed the carbon dioxide all throughout the body
• Why venous blood collection

  Uncomfortable

  dangerous and difficult to perform

  requires specialized training

  Requested for blood gases
• Arterial blood gases

  Measures the ability of the lungs to provide oxygen to the

  blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood
• Arterial blood gases

  Usually requested for conditions that are respiratory

  or metabolic in origin such as COPD or Chronic

  Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or severe shock,

  lung cancer, diabetic coma, and the like
• Arterial blood gases

  Tested using specialized ABG instrumentation to measure:

  pH (acidity)

  PO2 (partial pressure of oxygen)

  PCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide)
• pH, PO2, PCO2

  Using these measurements, the bicarbonate, oxygen

  content, and oxygen saturation are determined .
• PO2


  measures the pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood
• PO2


  tells how well O2 moves from the lungs into the blood
• PO2 normal values


  75-100 mmHg
• PCO2


  measures the pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood
• PCO2


  tells how well CO2 moves out from the lungs into the blood
• PCO2 normal values


  35-45 mmHg
• pH


  Measures the acidity or alkalinity of the blood, indicates acidosis or alkalosis
• pH normal values


  7.35-7.45
• Bicarbonate (HCO3)


  Buffers the blood to prevent acidosis or alkalosis
• Bicarbonate (HCO3) normal values


  20-29 mEq/L
• Oxygen content (ctO2)


  Measures the amount of O2 in the blood
• Oxygen content (ctO2) normal values

  15-22 mL/ 100 mL of blood
• oxygen saturation (O2Sat)


  Measures how much of the hemoglobin in the red blood cells is carrying O2.
• oxygen saturation (O2Sat)


  95-100%
• Less than 7.35 (pH)


  Acidic
• Greater than 7.45 (pH)


  Alkaline/basic
• Arterial puncture equipment 


  Blood gas analyzer

  Arterial blood collection syringe/arterial blood collection kit
• Syringe recommended by the CLSI for arterial puncture are

  • Plastic with freely moving plunger
  • Contain appropriate anticoagulant
  • The anticoagulant of choice is heparin
  • May range from 1-5mL
• Syringe for arterial pressure

  acceptable needle sizes range from gauge 20-25 and are ⅝ to 1 ½ inch long (0.625-1.5 in)
• syringe should self-fill from arterial pressure
• Gauge size for a syringe that does not self-fill

  gauge 25 needle, where you have to pull the plunger slowly
• Tightly Fitting Cap 


  what you put after you’ve removed the needle
• ADDITIONAL SUPPLIES FOR ARTERIAL PUNCTURE

  CONTAINER OF CRUSHED ICE AND WATER

  POVIDONE-IODINE OR CHLORHEXIDINE

  ALCOHOL PADS

  SELF-ADHESIVE PRESSURE DRESSING AND BANDAGES

  PUNCTURE-RESISTANT NEEDLE DISPOSAL CONTAINER
• Duration for testing for ABG

  30 minutes
• If ABG is not tested in 30 minutes, put it in a container with ice and water
• Container of crushed ice and water

  Have to use a glass syringe that you heparinize

  and lubricate.

  labelling is also waterproof .
• povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine


  Cleansing the site
• Alcohol pads

  Remove iodine after procedure is complete
• Local anesthesic


  to minimize pain when performing arterial punctures
• Equipment for heparin preparation of a lubricated and heparin and syringe

  Gloves

  1,3,5 mL glass syringe

  Sterile mineral oil

  Sterile cotton swab

  Heparin vial (1000 IU/mL conc.)

  20-25 gauge needle (5/8 to 1 1/2 in. long)

  alcohol pads