The process of acquiring knowledge, skills or behaviours through experience.
Behaviourist Approaches to Learning
Theories that propose learing occurs by interacting with the external environment.
Classical Conditioning
Process of learning through the involuntary association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus resulting in a condition response.
Before Conditioning
FIrst stage of classical conditioning, no response from neutral stimulus.
Neutral Stimulus
Produces no response prior to conditioning.
Unconditioned Stimulus
Produces an unconscious response.
Unconditioned Response
Naturally occurring behaviour in response to an unconditioned stimulus.
During Conditioning
Second stage of classical conditioning where the neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are repeatedly paired with each other producing an unconditioned response.
After Conditioning
Third stage of classical conditioning, neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stilumus producing a conditioned response.
Conditioned Stimulus
The neutral stimulus which becomes the conditioned stimulus after being repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimuli.
Conditioned Response
Response that occurs involuntarily after the conditioned stimuli is presented.
Operant Conditioning
A three-phase learning process that involves an antecedent, behaviour and consequence whereby the consequence determines the likelihood of recurrence.
Antecedent
'Stimulus' or even that elicits a particular behaviour.
Behaviour
Voluntary actions that occur in the presence of the antecedent.
Reinforcement
Consequence that increases the likelihood of the behaviour recurring.
Positive Reinforcement
Addition of something pleasant. Increases likelihood.
Negative Reinforcement
Removal of something unpleasant. Increase likelihood.
Punishment
Consequence that decreases the likelihood of the behaviour from recurring.
Positive Punishment
Addition of something unpleasant. Decreases the likelihood.
Negative Punishment
REmoal of something pleasant. Decreases likelihood.
Social-Cognitive Approach
Theories that propose learning takes place in a social setting and involves various cognitive processes.
A process of learning tha tinvolves watching the behaviour of a model and the associated consequence of that behaviour.
Model
The individual performing the behaviour being observed.
Attention
Actively focusing on model/behaviour.
Retention
Mental Representation (cognitive)
Reproduction
Physical and mental ability to reproduce/replicate behaviour.
Motivation
Intrinsic/Extrinsic motivation to reproduce behaviour.
Reinforcement
Receiving a consequence or punishment that will increase/decrease the likelihood of replication of behaviour.
Systems of Knowledge
Knowledge and skills are based on an interconnected social, physical and spiritual understandings and in turn contribute to a strong sense of identity and survival.
Country
Traditional lands of a particular cultural group.
Multimodal
Variety of methods.
Story Telling (sharing)
Dreaming stories to communicate about the natural world.
Learning Maps
Creating a visual representation.
Non-verbal
Sharing learning through dance, art and observation.
Symbols and Images
Creating artwork that uses symbols to represent landmarks, animals or objects.
Land Links
Learning and knowledge are inherently linked to nature, land and Country.
Non-Linear
Innovative thinking, comparing different viewpoints from different times to build new understandings.
Deconstruct/Reconstruct
Breaking down a concept from its whole to parts the applying.
Community Links
Learning is shared with others and used to meet the needs of the community.
Learning is holistic and deeply connected within complex systems that is embedded within country.