Taxonomy

• Taxonomy


  Systematic study of biodiversity
• Taxonomy


  • Describing
  • Naming
  • Classifying
• Phylogenetics


  Study of evolutionary relationship
• Aspects of taxonomy


  • The known and unknown
  • Defining characteristics of species
  • Relationship between these species
• Aristotle


  Classified animals based on similarities
• Historia Animalium

  He grouped creatures in a hierarchy
• Carolus Linnaeus


  • Used in publications
  • Latinized
  • Organised organisms from larger to smaller and more specific categories
• Carl von Linné


  Swedish name
• Binomial System of Nomenclature


  Scientific naming system
• Sea Urchin


  • Salungo (Tagalog)
  • Tayom (Waray)
• Jellyfish


  • Not a fish
• Seahorse


  • Not a horse
• eukarya

  Domain with no cells and membrane-bound organelles
• Binomial nomenclature

  Two part name
• Genus


  • Specific epither
• Rules in writing binomial nomenclature

  • Latin
  • Genus capital letter
  • Species lowercase letter
  • Type written Italicized
  • Hand written underlined
• Felis cactus

  • house cat
• Panhera leo

  • lion
• An taxa must have an author when described
• International code of botanical nomenclature (ICBN)


  For algae, fungi, plants
• International code of nomenclature for bacteria (ICNB)

  For bacteria
• International code of zoological nomenclature (ICZN)

  For animals
• International committee on taxonomy of viruses (ICTV)

  For viruses
• How do scientists classify living organisms?

  • Morphological traits
  • Genetic traits
  • Developmental traits
• Morphological traits are similarities of parts of the body on different organisms
• Genetic traits are similarities of human DNA
• Two part name of binomial nomenclature

  genus and specific epither
• Taxon


  Level of taxonomic hierarchy
• Taxonomic hierarchy


  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• The level of taxonomic hierarchy is called TAXON
• Domains


  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
  • Eukarya
• Domain is the largest classification in taxonomic hierarchy
• Kingdoms


  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
  • Plantae
  • Fungi
  • Protista
  • Animalia
• Archaea


  • Can live in extreme salt
  • Don't have peptidoglycan
  • Mostly extremophiles
• Archaea


  • Halobacteria
  • Methanopyrus kandleri
  • Thermoplasma acidophilum
• Autotrophs


  Can produce their own food
• Heterotrophs


  Rely on other organisms, can't produce food
• Prokaryotes


  Single cell
• Eukaryotes


  Have nucleus
• Cells


  Love nucleus