Family Membership – most significant feature to determine a person’s social identity
Language and religious affiliation- important marker of group identity
Personal Naming – a universal practice with numerous cross-cultural variations, establishes a child’s birth right and social identity.
Three- phased rite of passage - ritual activities to prepare individuals for new roles from one stage of life to another such as birth, puberty, marriage, parenthood, and death
SEPARATION – people detach from their former identity to another
LIMINALITY – a person transitions from one identity to another
INCORPORATION – the change in one’s status is incorporated
Three phased rite of passage - rites of passage helps a person adjust from social dimensions. But sometimes, individuals disagree on their respective identities.
Identity Struggles - When there is a discrepancy between the identity a person claims to possess, and the identity attributed to that person by others
Identity Struggles - When there is a clash between self-identification and inherited collective identification emerging from the cultural changes and conflicting norms and values in the postmodern society.
Illusion of Wholeness - Exhibits how individual selves throughout the world continuously reconstitute themselves into new selves in response to internal and external stimuli. Therefore the cohesiveness and continuity of self are only illusory.