Science reviewer

• Dominant


  A term used to describe an allele, gene or trait that is expressed, represented by a capital letter
• Recessive


  A gene whose effects are masked in the presence of a dominant gene, represented by a small letter
• Homozygous


  An organism that has the same two copies of a gene
• Heterozygous


  An organism that has different copies of a gene for a particular trait
• Genotype


  An organism's genetic information, the different copies of genes for a particular trait
• Phenotype


  The combination of an organism's observable characteristics or physical traits
• Gregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian biologist who developed the laws of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment
• Characteristics Mendel tested in his experiments on pea plants

  • Round or wrinkled form of seeds
  • Yellow or green seeds
  • White or purple flower
  • Full or constricted form of the pod
  • Yellow or green color of the pod
  • Actual or terminal position of the flower
  • Long or short size of the stem
• Using a Punnett Square


  1. Write the genotypes of the parents

  2. Cross the genotypes downward and sideways

  3. Determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring
• The offspring of a parental cross of pure breeding plants are called the F1 generation
• When the F1 generation plants are crossed with each other or self-pollinated, the offspring are called the F2 generation