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biol 5 lab
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lesson 2
FIRST YR > biol 5 lab
7 cards
Cards (22)
Scientific Method
Systematic approach in pursuit of truth based on
rationality
and
logic
Involves the non-acceptance of an explanation without
proof
Scientific Method
1. Observing and stating a
problem
2. Forming a
hypothesis
3. Testing the
hypothesis
4. Recording and
analyzing
data
5. Forming
conclusions
6.
Replicating
the process
Hypothesis
Useful if it explains a
problem
, suggests new
ideas
, and makes
predictions
that can be
tested
Answer
to a question about cause and effect
Kinds of Hypotheses
Descriptive
Hypothesis -
overall
statement which provides a basis for predicting things not yet observed
Explanatory
Hypothesis -
tentative
explanation of, or even a guess at what caused the pattern under observation
Alternative hypothesis
may be formulated to design better experiments and explore more possibilities in testing the
main
hypothesis
Data
All
observations
and information
Properly
recorded
and analyzed
Statistical tests may be applied to decide whether the results validate or refute the hypothesis
It is important that the data and results are
reproducible
to be assured of the
validity
of an experiment
Types of Variables
Independent
-
manipulates
Dependent
-
outcome
/result
Constant
-
quantity
The
Scientific
Method
Method of research with defined steps that include
experiments
and
careful observation
The Scientific Method
1.
Observation
and Identification of the
Problem
2. Formulation of
Hypothesis
3.
Experimentation
or Testing the
Hypothesis
4.
Analysis
and
Interpretation
of Data and Results
5.
Generalization
or Formulation of
Conclusion
Hypothesis
A suggested
explanation
for an event, which can be
tested
Scientific Theory
A generally accepted, thoroughly
tested
and confirmed
explanation
for a set of observations or phenomena
A hypothesis can be disproven, or eliminated, but it can never be
proven
Unifying Theories
Cell Theory
-
Robert Hooke
Biogenesis
-
Rudolf
Virchow
Homeostasis
-
steady
state
Evolution
-
change
overtime, "adapt"
Gene
-
Gregor Mendel
"basic physical and functional unit of heredity." "Made up of DNA"
statistical tests
may be applied to decide whether the results
validate
or
refute
the hypothesis
Carbon
primarily the element that makes up
organic
compounds that living things are made of
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