MICP LONG QUIZ

• Macules -flat lesions characterized by change in color of the affected skin
• papules -raised lesions, solid in consistency of less than 5mm in diameter
• plaques -flat with elevated surface (plateau-like) with more than 5mm diamter
• Nodules -rounded raised lesions more than 5mm in diameter
• urticaria - wheals or hives, annular ring-like papules or plaques with pinkish color
• vesicles -circumscribed fluid-lesions less than 5 mm in diameter
• bullae -circumscribed filled-lesions more than 5 mm in diameter
• pustules -circumscribed, exudate-filled lesions
• purpura -skin lesions due to bleeding into the skin
• petechiae -bleeding into the skin which is less than 3 mm diameter
• ecchymosis -bleeding into the skin which is more than 3 mm in diameter
• ulcer -crater-like lesions that may involve the deeper layers of the epidermis and dermis
• eschar -necrotic ulcer covered with a blackened scab or crust
• Staphylococcus Aureus - a gram-positive cocci which commonly arranged in a grape-like structure
• Staphylococcus aureus -found in skin and nasopharynx
• staphylococcus aureus -In culture, they produced gray to golden yellow colonies that survived in 20-25 degree celsius
• Staphylococcus aureus -it is transmitted through direct contact of the purulent hand of healthcare or hospital workers, or through fomites of bed linings and contaminated clothing
• Folliculitis - a pyogenic (pus-producing) infection involving hair follicles. Localized pain inflammation which heals rapidly after pus is drained
• carbuncle -a coalescence of furuncles ( 2 furuncles joining together) which extends at the subcutaneous tissues with multiple sinus tract
• sty or Hordeolum -folliculitis occurring at the base of the eyelids
• impetigo -occurs in young children and usually in their face and limbs. It starts as macules (red spot) then it will turn into pus-filled vesicles, that rupture, and will form honey-colored-crust. It is caused by S. aureus or S. pyogenes
• Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome - Also known as Ritter's disease, which occurs primarily in newborn and young children
• Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome -It is characterized by the sudden onset of perioral erythema (redness) that covers the whole body within 2 days
• Positive Nikolsky -A ritter's disease, when pressured is applied on the skin, it causes displacement of the skin
• Ritter's disease -Bullae and cutaneous blister will soon follow and will later undergo desquamation.
• Exfoliative toxin -antibodies against the exfoliative toxin are produced within 7-10 days, enabling the skin to be intact again
• Oxacillin -is the only penicillin-derived antibiotic that has remained active against S. aureus
• Staphylococcus epidermidis -Commonly associated with "stitch abscess", UTI, and endocarditis. It also causes infections in individuals with prosthetic devices.
• erysipelas (St. Anthony's Fire) -follows a respiratory tract or skin infection. Patient manifest localized raised areas associated with pain, erythema, and redness. It is grossly indistinct from normal skin. There is accompanying lymphadenopathy and systemic functions.
• Cellulitis -involves the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The infected skin and normal skin are not clearly differentiated. It is also manifested with local inflammation with systemic signs.
• Necrotizing Fasciitis -involves deep subcutaneous tissue and is also known as "flesh-eating" or streptococcal gangrene
• Necrotizing Fasciitis -It starts as cellulitis and then becomes bullous and gangrenous. It spreads to the fascia then muscle and fat. It may become systemic and cause multi-organ failure leading to death.
• Acute glomerulonephritis -is non-suppurative, immune-mediated complications, and is associated with skin and throat infection
• rheumatic fever -is a non-suppurative, immune-mediated complication associated with throat infection
• Macrolides or cephalosporins -are alternative drugs used to treat s pyrogens if the patient is allergic to penicillin.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa -gram-negative bacilli arranged in pairs that are encapsulated
• pseudomonas aeruginosa -They are capable of producing water-soluble pigments of pyocyanin (blue). It is a common cause of nosocomial infections (hospital-acquired)
• pseudomonas aeruginosa -resistant to most antibiotics. The virulence can be attributed to adhesins, toxins, and enzymes
• pseudomonas aeruginosa -mode of transmission is through colonization of previously injured skin. Associated with the colonization of burn wounds characterized by blue-green pus that exude sweet grape-like odor
• pseudomonas aeruginosa -most common cause of inflammation of bone and cartilage of foo called osteochondritis.