Theo Midterms Reviewer

• Three Public ministry of Jesus (TPH)

  • Teaching in Synagogues
  • Preaching the Good News of the Kingdom
  • Healing people- when Jesus heals, he heals both your sickness and your spirituality
• Palestine (Now called as State of Palestine)- situated in what is so called FERTILE CRESENT which is divided today among Iraq, Southern Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Israel
• Palestine came under the control of the Roman Empire capturing Jerusalem that ended up the Hasmonean Rule


  63 A.D
• Three Main Regions in the Preaching of Jesus


  • GALILEE
  • SAMARIA
  • JUDEA
• Palestine

  • LARGELY SUBTROPICAL
  • IT HAS VERY HOT (SCORCHING) DRY SUMMERS
  • MILD DAMP WINTERS
  • TWO MAIN RAINY SEASONS (1: October-March 2: April)
• Palestine is the CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION (TAWI) with TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT and INNOVATION like WHEELS
• Priestly Members of the Jewish


  • Rulers, Leaders of Judea
• Galilean Society


  COSMOPOLITAN - Means people coming from different places (Lax Observance of the Jewish Law)
• Assyrians


  Jews who intermarry with people from Assyria
• Samaritans


  Hostile Rivals of the Jews - Different Religious Perspective
• The people in the Land of Jesus were known under different names: JEWS, ISRAELITES, SEMITES, HEBREWS
• SILVER DENARIUS MINTED BY Julius Caesar- the most circulated coin
• Palestine was under the regime of Roman Rulers however; the Romans did not directly govern the place but instead they selected particular families as overseers of the state
• Idumean Jews


  Herodians - HEROD THE GREAT had great internal power in Israel
• HEROD THE GREAT DIED


  4BC
• Herod's territory was divided among his three sons


  • HEROD ANTIPAS
  • HEROD PHILIP
  • HEROD ARCHELAUS
• Herod Antipas


  He was the Herod that Jesus knew during His public ministry, considered as "FOX" by Jesus - meaning he is a crafty and cunning Leader
• Herod's territories


  • GALILEE
  • JUDEA
  • SAMARIA
  • PEREA
• Vassal Ruler


  Someone who promised loyalty and service towards an overlord (romans)
• Powers of Herod


  • IMPOSE TAXES
  • REMOVE THE HIGH PRIEST - Meaning, he can directly interfere in Jewish Religion
• Herod Philip rebuilt the City of Paneas and renamed it "CAESAREA PHILIPPI"
• Herod Archelaus was disposed because he could not keep his territory in order and he ruthlessly slaughtered his opponents
• Herod Archelaus was succeeded by PONTIOUS PILATE as the Roman procurator of Judea
• Significant Groups during the time of Jesus


  • SADDUCESS
  • PHARISEES
  • ESSENES
  • ZEALOTS
  • SCRIBES
  • HERODIANS
  • SANHEDRIN
  • TAX COLLECTORS
• Sadducees


  "righteous ones" (Hebrew term "SADUQ") - They belonged to the priestly families which they presented the wealthy aristocracy (high class)
• Pharisees


  "the separated ones" (Hebrew term "PERUSHIM") - Known as the strict and literal interpreters of the Jewish Law, considered as LEGALISTIC HYPOCRITES
• Essenes


  Believed to be the writers of the DEAD SEA SCROLLS found in the caves of KHIRBET QUMRAN, lived a monastic way of life, practiced celibacy
• Zealots


  Rebellious group, known as "sicarii" (dagger men), believed that violence is the only key to achieve independence
• Scribes


  Professional scholars trained in the preservation of knowledge and the interpretation of the Jewish scriptures, known as "Doctors of the law" or "Teachers of the law"
• Herodians


  More of a political party rather than a religious one, supporters of Herod Antipas
• Sanhedrin


  Means "SENATE" or "ASSEMBLY", composed of 70 members, "the elders" of the land, main governing body
• Tax Collectors


  Portrayed as "sinners", collected the Temple Tax - male above 20 were mandated to pay half a shekel annually, a Jew who tried to engage in this competition was branded as a "traitor"
• The law


  • Referred to the written text of the first five books
  • The Jewish Scripture were known as "TANAK": Torah, Nebi'im (the prophets), Kethubim (the writings)
• The temple or Jerusalem temple


  Central and the most sacred institution for all the Jews, called as "house of prayer", there were three daily set time for prayer, place where priest offered and performed animal sacrifices (lamb), HEART of worship in the temple- sacrificial offering
• The Synagogue


  Greek: "sunagogos"= place of meeting, became the center primarily for teaching and study of the scriptures as well as for prayer and worship, unlike the temple, synagogue is intended for weekly assembly on the SABBATH for reading the Torah
• Highly celebrated Jewish Festivals and Religious Practices


  • Passover (heb. Pesah)
  • Pentecost (penta-5)
  • Feast of the Tabernacles or Booths (Heb. Sukkot)
  • The Sabbath (Heb. Shabbath)
  • Feast of the Dedication (Heb. Hanukkah)
• Passover


  Most popular festival, commemorate the freedom of the Israelites when God liberated them form slavery, 2 parts: 1. The ritual slaughter of paschal lambs in the temple, 2. Consumption of its meat in a domestic meal
• Pentecost


  Celebrated 50 days after Passover, day of thanksgiving for good harvest, OMER - Was a grain offering that marked the beginning of the spring grain harvest
• Feast of the Tabernacles or Booths


  Tabernacle literally meant "LITTLE HUTS", This feast was marked by ritual of drawing of water and illumination of one of the Temple courts
• The Sabbath


  Sabbath was a religious celebration "seventh day", begins on Friday evening and ends at the same time on Saturday evening, Jesus said: "the sabbath was made for man, not man for the sabbat"