History Assesment 2

• Continuity and Change

  New evidence or perspective comes to light
• Cause and Effect

  Every Historical Event affects society in some way

  Like a domino effect
• Perspectives

  Try to understand different values beliefs and experiences

  -Shaped the lives of people who lived in the past
• Emphathic Understanding

  ability to understand and appreciate particular events or actions (from someone else's p.o.v)
• Significance

  historians have to make decisions about what is historically significant and worth studying ; this means asking questions about our past and it's impact (discoveries,movement, individuals, and lives) have had on the world
• Contestability

  different interpretations of the past leading to historical debate
• Anthropologists

  studies the behaviours and customs of human societies
• archaeoligists

  uncover and interpret sources from the past including the remains of people, buildings and artefacts
• Biologist

  scientists who study living things
• linguist

  experts in languages who can read some of the ancient languages it decode unkwon or secret writing
• cryptographer

  experts in symbols
• forensic pathologist

  specialists in the causes of death, called upon when investigating ancient bodies
• geographical surveyors

  use tools and techniques to locate something underground or underwater
• genescist

  scientist who study's a living things unique genes
• paleontologist

  scientist who studies the fossilised remains of plants or animals
• archaeologists uncover skeletal remains by...

  locate, excavate(using teaspoons, small brushes, dental tools, sives, toothpicks), recorded, catalogued, numbered
• Statography (Dating Method)

  dates age of remains in the different layers of earth
• Dendochronology (Dating Method)

  dates age of trees by counting rings in cross section of trunk
• Thermoluminescence (Dating Method)

  dates objects that contain crystal particles which measure how much radiation is In that object
• Radiocarbon Dating (Dating Method)

  dates when an organism died
• Flourine Dating (Dating Method)

  dates age of bones by measuring the amount of fluorine in them, of which they absorb over time in the soil - correspond with their age
• DNA Analysis (Dating Method)

  Dates human migration and family links
• CE And AD Meaning

  CE: Common Era

  AD: Anno Domani (The year of the lord)
• Pre-History - When?

  2.5 Million years ago to 5000 years ago
• Ancient History - When?

  5000 years go to 500 A.D
• Medieval History - When?

  500 A.D to 1500 A.D
• When did humans live in Australia?

  60,000 to 9,000 years ago
• What dating method and evidence suggested Human existence in Australia 120,000 Years ago? Challenges associated with this?

  Rock sediment around artefacts was tested using thermoluminescence; Rising sea Levels
• Who was Mungo Man and were was he found?

  -Mungo man is the oldest skeletal remains found in Wilandra Lake Australia

  -Because he was taken from his resting place there was contreversy
• What did Mungo Man's existence prove?

  Humans lived twice of what they previously though
• What is Australian Megafauna And what is their significance?

  -Megafauna found in Australia in the Pleistocene Epoch and became extinct in the later half of the Pleistocene Epoch due to either climate change or human existence
• In terms of the ice ages, when was the Pleistocene Epoch?

  Most recent Ice-Age
• What are some Australian Megafauna and when did they exist?

  Giant Kangaroo's, Marsupial Lions, Diprotodon (Largest Marsupial) 4000-5000 years ago
• What is the argument for Human activity leading to the extinction of Australian Megafauna?

  -There was firestick farming (Burning of large areas of bush)

  -Bones with cut marks in them suggesting that humans ate them
• What is the argument for Climate change leading to the extinction of Australian Megafauna?

  -Dry, Windy conditions and a very cold drought which killed animals around the water, of which was the food source of many megafauna

  -Humans arrived 25,000-30,000 before megafauna, meaning they lived in harmony together for so long - begs the question, why would they start hunting them after so long of not hunting them?
• What is the Out of Africa Theory?


  All humans originated from east Africa in waves of migration 60,000 years ago
• What is the Indigenous Australians theory?

  Humans migrated from Australia
• Ancient Egypt


  Based around Nile, One of the first-ever civilizations, ruled by pharaoh, from 3100BC-30BC
• How many Dynasties and Pharaohs did Ancient Egypt Have?

  31 Dynasties and 70 Pharaohs
• What are the key features of Ancient Civillisations?

  Trade, Religion, Social Classes, Agriculture, Rule of Law