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• Communication


  An act of conveying meaning to a person or group of people using mutually understood symbols, gestures, behaviors and semiotic rules
• Communication


  • Used to persuade, inform, entertain and motivate
  • Considered as the life blood of a business organization
  • Listening takes up as much as 50% of our everyday communication time
• Active listening


  Ability to focus completely on a speaker, understand their message, comprehend the information and respond thoughtfully
• Types of communication

  • Verbal Communication
  • Non-Verbal Communication
• Verbal Communication


  The process of exchange of information or message between two or more persons through written or oral words
• Non-Verbal Communication


  The process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages
• Resume


  A persuasive summary of your qualifications, e.g., education, skills, and employment, when applying for a new job
• Types of Resume

  • Print Résumés
  • Scannable Résumés
• Common elements of a traditional resume

  • Personal information
  • Objective
  • Education
  • Achievements/recognitions
  • Trainings/seminars attended
  • Organizational affiliations
  • Experiences
  • Personal information (paragraph form)
  • Character references
  • Signature above/over printed name
• Features of a resume

  • Organization
  • Succinctness
  • Comprehensiveness
  • Design
• Chronological resumé


  General listing of all your academic experience from the most recent to the oldest
• Functional resumé


  Organized around various kinds of experience. If you wish to demonstrate a lot of experience in more than one area and if you wish to downplay dates, you may write this type of resumé
• Targeted resumé


  Generally announced the specific goal up to top, just beneath your name, and offers information selectively. You can show only the experience and skills relevant to your goal
• Job Interview


  The most critical component of the entire job selection process. It serves as the primary means to collect additional information from an applicant. It serves as the basis for assessing an applicant's job-related knowledge, skills, and abilities. It is designed to decide if an individual should be interviewed further, hired, or eliminated from consideration
• Purposes of a job interview

  • Amplifies and clarifies information from application forms and resumes
  • Evaluates the presentability of the applicant
  • Elicits new information; provides the applicant with information about the job
  • Supports or contradicts information from tests conducted by the company and from the reference checking
  • Develops impression about motivation, interpersonal skills, and other personality characteristics
• Parts of a job interview

  • Opening
  • Body
  • Conclusion
• Success of an interview

  • Define the goal
  • Identify and analyze the other party/respondent
  • Prepare a list of topics
  • Choose the best interview structure
  • Consider possible questions
  • Arrange the setting
• Types of interviews and common questions

  • Unstructured (Nondirective) Interview
  • Structured (Directive) Interview
  • Situational Interview
  • Behavioral Interview
  • Job-related Interview
  • Stress Interview
  • Panel Interview (Board Interview)
• Job interview etiquettes


  • Come on time for tests and interview
  • Wear proper business attire
  • Do not bring anything unnecessary
  • Memorize the contents of your resume and application letter; know your accomplishments
  • Observe the basics of good manners
  • Speak clearly and be attentive to the questions, even though you are nervous
  • If you have question/clarification, don't be afraid to ask and speak up
  • Let the interviewer take the lead in discussions
  • Do not volunteer information which are not job-related, unless asked or are necessary to your job
  • After the interview, graciously thank the interviewer for taking time to speak to you
  • The Handshake — You should shake hands when you begin and conclude a meeting with someone. The handshake should be confident, warm, and sincere. It should be coupled with a look straight to the eye of the receiver
• Common job interview questions

  • Tell me about yourself
  • Walk me through your resume
  • How did you hear about this position?
  • Why do you want to work at this company?
  • Why do you want this job?
  • Why should we hire you?
  • What can you bring to the company?
  • What are your greatest strengths?
  • What do you consider to be your weaknesses?
  • What is your greatest professional achievement?
  • Tell me about a challenge or conflict you've faced at work, and how you dealt with it
  • Tell me about a time you demonstrated leadership skills
  • What's a time you disagreed with a decision that was made at work?
  • Tell me about a time you made a mistake
  • Tell me about a time you failed
• Cover letter


  Generally the first thing your prospective employers will see, and it should motivate them to read your resume. It provides a positive impression since it contains your claims that you have the qualifications they are looking for
• Types of letters of application

  • Solicited Letters
  • Unsolicited Letters
• Contents of an application letter

  • Date/Dateline
  • Letter Address/Inside Address
  • Salutation
  • Body
  • Complimentary Close
  • Signature/Signature Line
  • Enclosure/s
• Body of the application letter should include

  • Education
  • Objective/Reasons for Wanting the Position
  • Work-related Experiences
  • Related Trainings/Seminars/Involvements
  • Personal Qualities/Information
  • Securing Action
• Three formats of business letters

  • Full block (justified)
  • Semi-block (center align)
  • Modified block
• Guidelines for Writing a Cover Letter

  • Focus
  • Stay on topic
  • Think of your letter as an argument
  • Choose an appropriate tone
• Application letter


  A letter from someone who knows of the existence of a vacancy, or written on the change that there is or will be an opening which the applicant is qualified to fill
• Body of the application letter should include

  • Education
  • Objective/Reasons for Wanting the Position
  • Work-related Experiences
  • Related Trainings/Seminars/Involvements
  • Personal Qualities/Information
  • Securing Action
• Formats of business letters

  • Full block (justified)
  • Semi-block (center align)
  • Modified block
• Guidelines for Writing a Cover Letter

  • Focus
  • Stay on topic
  • Think of your letter as an argument
  • Choose an appropriate salutation
  • Proofread
• Telephone communication


  The most useful and universal medium of oral communication with a person who is not present at the same place as the sender
• Basic telephone etiquette


  • Speak clearly
  • Use your normal tone of voice when answering a call
  • Do not eat or drink while you are on telephone duty
  • Do not use slang words or poor language
  • Address the caller properly by their title
• Good telephone habits for everyone

  • Make calls short and precise, to save time as well as money
  • Make limited use of mobiles and keep them at a distance from the body to get freed from the bad effects of strong vibrations
  • Keep your pitch low, as it is very harsh for the ears to listen to loud voices on the telephone
  • Repeat spellings on the telephone, if needed, as there is a possibility of wrong interpretation of words on the phone
  • The quality of voice has to be very smooth, to make telephonic conversation effective
  • Make use of courteous language
• Formal Communication


  delivered orally or in written form — lectures, public talks/speeches, research and project proposals, reports and business letters. Its main objectives are to inform, to entertain, and to persuade
• Informal Communication


  involves personal and ordinary conversations with friends, family members, or acquaintances about anything under the sun. Its purposes are to socialize and to enhance relationship
• Components of the Communication Process

  • Source
  • Message
  • Channel
  • Receiver
  • Feedback
  • Environment
  • Context
  • Interference
• General Principles of effective communication

  • Know your audience
  • Know your purpose in communicating
  • Know your topic
  • Adjust your speech/writing to the context of the situation
  • Work on the feedback given to you
• 9 Principles of Effective Communication (9Cs)

  • Clarity
  • Concreteness
  • Courtesy
  • Correctness
  • Consideration
  • Creativity
  • Conciseness
  • Cultural sensitivity
  • Captivating
• Ethical Considerations in Communication

  • Respect audience
  • Consider the result of communication
  • Value truth
  • Use information correctly
  • Do not falsify information
• Ethical Considerations in Communication in the Workplace

  • Establish a value system for the organization's welfare
  • Communicate complete and accurate information
  • Disclose vital information
  • Show sincerity in telling the truth in work, no corruption and lies
  • Demonstrate diplomatic strategies while in work instead of making force behavior