SCIENCE

• Types of energy


  • Kinetic energy
  • Potential energy
  • Thermal energy
  • Radiant energy
  • Light energy
  • Chemical energy
  • Nuclear energy
  • Electrical energy
  • Gravitational energy
  • Mechanical energy
• Thermal energy


  Energy produced when there is a rise in temperature that causes atoms and molecules to move faster and collide with each other
• Radiant energy


  A form of electromagnetic energy, including visible light, x-rays, and radiant heating
• Light energy


  A form of electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength visible to the human eye, formed through the movement of photons
• Light energy


  • Sunlight
  • Candles
  • Light bulbs
  • Used by plants in photosynthesis
• Chemical energy


  Stored in the bonds that connect atoms and molecules, released during chemical reactions
• Chemical energy

  • Food
  • Burning wood
  • Photosynthesis
• Nuclear energy

  Energy released through nuclear fusion or fission in the nucleus of atoms
• Nuclear energy


  • Nuclear power plants using uranium fuel
• Electrical energy


  Caused by the movement of electrical charges (electrons)
• Electrical energy


  • Lightning
  • Electric eels
• Gravitational energy


  Potential energy stored by an object due to its higher position compared to a lower position
• Gravitational energy


  • Book on top shelf
  • Roller coaster
• Mechanical energy


  Energy acquired by an object due to its motion or position, can be kinetic or potential
• Mechanical energy

  • Moving car
  • Lifted ball
• Simple machine

  Basic tools that helped reduce the amount of energy needed for a task and multiply the force by applying the laws of physics
• Using a crowbar to move a heavy object

  1. Place the end of the crowbar underneath the object (load)

  2. Rest part of the crowbar on another piece of stone or wood (fulcrum)

  3. Press the free end (effort arm) to lift the heavy object
• First-class lever

  A lever where the fulcrum is kept between the heavy object and the effort
• First-class levers

  • Crowbar
  • Scissors
• Pulley

  A circular grooved wheel over which a rope runs, used to draw water from a well or lift heavy loads
• Screw

  Has spiral grooves cut into it that helps the screw easily go inside any surface and stay intact, used to join things
• Inclined plane

  Sloping surface, usually a ramp set at an angle against a horizontal surface, for raising heavy objects
• Wedge

  Objects consisting of two inclined planes made of metal or wood arranged back to back, used for cutting, lifting or tightening
• Wedges

  • Knife
  • Axe
  • Chisel
  • Hammer
• Wheel and axle

  Made up of a circular frame (wheel) that revolves on a shaft or rod (axle), used for raising weights of water buckets from wells and in various machines
• The idea of simple machines was first recognized around the 3rd century BC by Archimedes, the Greek philosopher
• Egyptians used ramps to drag huge stones that were used to build the pyramids thousands of years ago