fluid regulation

• Process of eliminating waste (excess water and filtration of blood to obtain a steady internal environment in our body)

  1. Filtration

  2. Reabsorption

  3. Secretion
• Kidneys


  Major excretory organs in the urinary system
• Kidneys


  • Reddish-brown
  • Each kidney contains over 1 million tiny structures called nephrons
• Nephron


  As the kidneys cleanse blood, a liquid waste called urine forms
• Dialysis


  One of the treatment options for a person with a kidney problem
• Kidney Transplant


  Transplanted kidney may come from a cadaver, or a living person may donate a healthy kidney to the recipient
• Three major steps of urine formation

  1. Filtration

  2. Reabsorption

  3. Secretion
• Filtration


  The glomerulus is a network of capillaries surrounded by cuplike structure, the bowman's capsule. The pores allow water, urea, glucose, salts, and amino acids to pass, but large structures such as plasma proteins, blood cells, and platelets remain in the bloodstream
• Reabsorption


  Useful materials return from the nephron to the blood
• Secretion


  Toxic substance and drug residues are secreted into the nephron to be eliminated in urine
• Three processes of urine elimination

  1. Urethers

  2. Bladder

  3. Urethra
• Urethers

  Two long tube that carry urine from kidneys to bladder
• Bladder


  Storage of urine and its walls relaxes and expands to store urine and flatten to empty urine through the urethra
• Urethra


  A tube that allows the urine to pass outside the body
• Stomata


  Plays an important role in fluid regulation, the stomata open and close to balance carbon dioxide
• Transpiration


  Absorption of water is being done through the help of root hairs. And if the absorption is less than the transpiration it can lead to wilting of the plant
• Guttation


  If absorption is greater compared to transpiration, it could lead to guttation, or the exudation or the release of water droplets along the margin of the leave