Anatomy & Physiology

• Anatomy - Greek words meaning to cut (tomy) apart (ana)
• Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one

  another.
• Gross anatomy is used whenever we look at our own body or study large body structures.
• Microscopic anatomy is the study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. The cells and tissues of the body can only be seen through a microscope.
• Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts work or function
• Integumentary system it is the external covering of the body, or the skin, including the hair and fingernails.
• Skeletal system supports the body and provides a framework that the skeletal muscles use to cause movement.
• Muscular System the muscles of the body have only one function— to contract or shorten. When this happens,

  movement occurs.
• Nervous System is the body’s fast-acting control system.
• Endocrine System like the nervous system, the endocrine (en′do-krin) system controls body activities, but it acts

  much more slowly.
• Cardiovascular System consists of the heart and blood vessels. The cardiovascular system transports substances throughout the body.
• Lymphatic System the role of the lymphatic system complements that of the cardiovascular system. Its organs include lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs such as the spleen

  and tonsils.
• Respiratory System brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide from the cells
• Digestive System breaks down food into smaller molecules so they can be absorbed by the body.
• Urinary System eliminates wastes and excess water from the body.
• Reproductive Systems produce gametes (sex cells), which are involved in reproduction
• Chemical level show atoms, such as hydrogen and carbon, interact and combine into molecules. This is important because a molecule’s structure determines its function.
• Cells are the basic structural and functional units of organisms, such as plants and animals. They vary in size, shape, and function and carry out specific tasks to maintain life.
• tissue is a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them. The characteristics of the cells and surrounding materials determine the functions of the tissue.
• organ is composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions. For example, the heart, stomach, liver, and urinary bladder are all organs
• organ system is a group of organs that together perform a common function or set of functions. For example, the urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
• An organism is any living thing considered as a whole, whether composed of one cell, such as a bacterium, or of trillions of cells, such as a human. The human organism is a network of organ systems that are mutually dependent upon one another.
• At which level of structural organization is the stomach? At which level is a glucose molecule? Stomach: Organ system Glucose molecule: Chemical
• Which organ system includes the trachea, lungs, nasal cavity, and bronchi? Respiratory system
• Which system functions to remove waste and help regulate blood pressure? Urinary system