Cell types

• What is a Cell

  The smallest living unit in all organisms
• Modern cell theory


  1. The cell is the smallest living unit in all organisms
  2. All living things are made of cells (one or more cells)
  3. All cells come from other, pre-existing cells
• Unicellular


  A single-celled organism
• Multicellular


  An organism made of many cells
• Types of cells


  • Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea)

  Eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi, protists)
• Prokaryotes


  • Have no nucleus

  Have no membrane-bound organelles
• Eukaryotes


  • Have membrane-bound organelles
• Getting through the cell membrane

  Selectively permeable

  Maintains homeostasis
• Cytoplasm


  Jelly-like material that surrounds the cell's internal structures
• Cytoskeleton


  Collection of fibers that provide support and movement for the cell and its organelles
• Ribosomes


  Organelles that make proteins (not membrane-bound)
• Nucleus


  Holds the genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities
• Nucleolus

  Where ribosomes are produced
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)


  Processes and transports molecules for the cell

  Rough ER has ribosomes attached, smooth ER does not
• Golgi apparatus


  Packages and sorts materials received from the ER, determines where to send them
• Mitochondria


  Powerhouses that make ATP energy through cellular respiration
• Chloroplasts


  Organelles in plant cells that make glucose through photosynthesis
• Vacuoles


  Storage organelles that can have different functions
• Cell wall


  Additional layer in plant cells that offers protection and shape maintenance
• How a protein gets out of the cell

  Instructions from DNA

  Made by ribosomes

  Transported through ER and Golgi

  Secreted through the cell membrane
• Amoeba


  A single-celled organism
• Cell


  • The smallest living unit in all organisms
  • All living things are made of cells (one or more)
  • All cells come from other, pre-existing cells
• Prokaryote


  Cells that have no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles
• Eukaryote


  Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
• Getting through the cell membrane

  1. Selectively permeable

  2. Maintains homeostasis
• Cytoplasm


  The jelly-like material that surrounds the cell's internal structures
• Cytoskeleton


  A collection of fibers that provide support and allow movement for the cell and its organelles
• Ribosomes


  Non-membrane bound organelles that make proteins
• Nucleus


  The organelle that holds the genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities
• Nucleolus


  The part of the nucleus where ribosomes are produced
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)


  • An organelle that processes and transports molecules, including protein folding
  • Rough ER has ribosomes attached, Smooth ER does not
• Golgi Apparatus


  The organelle that receives, modifies, sorts, and packages molecules to be sent to different destinations
• Mitochondria


  The organelle that makes ATP energy through cellular respiration
• Chloroplasts


  Organelles found in plant cells that make glucose through photosynthesis
• Vacuoles


  Organelles that can store materials in both plant and animal cells
• Cell Wall


  An additional layer found in plant cells that provides protection and shape maintenance
• Protein secretion


  1. Made by ribosomes

  2. Transported through Rough ER

  3. Sorted by Golgi Apparatus

  4. Secreted through the cell membrane