behaviourist

• Classical learning


  Learning through association
• Little Albert
• Classical learning process


  1. Timing

  2. Extinction

  3. Recovery

  4. Stimulus generalisation
• UCS


  Unconditioned stimulus
• UCR


  Unconditioned response
• NS


  No response
• NS + UCS


  Neutral stimulus + Unconditioned stimulus
• CS


  Conditioned stimulus
• CR


  Conditioned response
• Operant learning


  Learning through consequence
• Operant learning consequences


  • Punishment
  • Reward
• Continuous


  Reward schedule
• Partial


  Reward schedule
• Variable


  Reward schedule
• Negative


  Removal of an unpleasant stimulus
• Punishment


  Unpleasant consequence
• Evaluation of Behaviourism


  • Explains formation and treatment of phobias
  • Explains how behaviours can be learnt and unlearnt
  • Provides real world application of token economies in prisons and hospitals
  • Scientific methodology (Skinner's Box) means that cause and effect can be established
• Limitations of Behaviourism


  • Based on animal studies that can't always be generalised to humans
  • Deterministic approach that ignores the free will of behaviour
  • Environmentally reductionist and ignores the influence of human thoughts