Lesson 4

• VISUAL COMMUNICATION  - it is the use of visual elements to convey idea and information which include but are not limited signs, typography, drawing, graphic design, illustration, industrial design, advertising, animation, and electronic or natural resources
• TRAIL SIGNS - clearly mark trails for hiking, trekking, travelling, backpacking, mountaineering, and other recreation with these easily-to-read signs of symbols.
• TRAIL BLAZES - this are markers used to indicate key information about hiking trail.
• TRAIL CAIRN - is a large piles of stones, typically around three feet high and at least
• TRAIL DUCKS - is similar in concept to a cairn, but is much smaller, often just three stones high
• FLAGS/RIBBONS - these are plastic ribbons tied around three trunks. It is not harm to tree, but can easily be torn down
• ROAD BLOCKS - a safety warnings for hikers not to go a certain direction, usually created by straight line of rocks or cross woods across a trail
• CARVINGS / ETCHINGS - also similar to paint, these tree trail markers are deep engravings in the side of a tree trunk. Usually "X" or an arrow is carved into a tree trunk as a trail sign.
• POST - are commonly used on ridgelines, outcrops and wherever else stones and trees are not available