CULTURE

• POLITICAL SCIENCE

  • A scientific way of studying Politics and a kind of Social Science that deals with systems of governance and power.
• Politics Gk words "Polis" and "Scire"
• Politics, in its broadest sense, is the activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live
• Politics is linked with the concept of CONFLICT and COOPERATION
• ARISTOTELIAN POLITICS

  • greatest contribution in Political Science is "Politics"
• ARISTOTELIAN POLITICS

  • In his Nicomachean Ethics, happiness is the goal of man's activity. But being happy means being virtuous.
• ARISTOTELIAN POLITICS

  • Politics is an ethical activity concerned in creating a just society
• ARISTOTELIAN POLITICS

  • He believed that a man when perfected is the best of animals, but when separated from law and justice, he is the worst of all
• ARISTOTELIAN POLITICS

  • Politics is the "Master Science" because almost happens in a political context
• Accdg. to Harold Lasswell politics determine "who gets what, when, and how
• ARISTOTELIAN POLITICS

  • Politics is all about "IMPROVEMENT of LIFE
• ELEMENTS of POLITICS

  1. Power
  2. Justice
  3. Order
• POWER

  • an ability that gives a person or an individual to make others follow a certain command
• Types of Power

  1. Legitimate power
  2. Referent power
  3. Coercive power
  4. Reward power
  5. Expert power
• JUSTICE

  • giving what is due
• Elements of justice

  1. Inequality
  2. Equality
  3. Equity
  4. Justice
• Inequality

  • Unequal access to opportunities
• Equity

  • Custom tools that identify and address inequality
• Equality

  • Evenly distributed tools and assistance
• ORDER

  • main goal of Politics
  • state in which the laws and rules regulating public behaviour are observed and authority is obeyed
• Justice

  • Fixing system to offer equal access to both tools and opportunities
• GOVERNMENT

  • A government is an institution or a system made of a group of people that takes care or manages a country or a state. Every government has its own constitution or a set of fundamental principles that it follows to ensure effective governance.
• What is the purpose of the government ?

  • A government must ensure the security of its people through the means of an effective legislation.
• What is the purpose of the government ?

  • A government must form and manage an efficient police force, a fair court justice system, and a robust defense force.
• What is the purpose of the government ?

  • A government must provide civic amenities and build infrastructure for the social welfare, health, and development of its people.
• What is the purpose of the government ?

  • A government must effectively manage the country ’ s economy
• What is the purpose of the government ?

  • A government must also take steps to protect the environment from further neglect. It should take steps to protect and clean its local and international waters, set up wildlife sanctuaries, and invest in renewable sources of energy and power.
• SOCIAL CONTRACT

  • Social contract, in political philosophy, an actual or hypothetical compact, or agreement, between the ruled and their rulers, defining the rights and duties of each.
• Thomas Hobbes

  • The first modern thinker to articulate a comprehensive theory of the social contract was the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1651/2009).
• Thomas Hobbes

  • According to Hobbes, individuals living in the state of nature were “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” Their short-sightedness and selfinterest meant that they could not achieve self-betterment.
• BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT

  • EXECUTIVE BRANCH
  • LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
  • JUDICIAL BRANCH
• Executive Branch

  • carries out the law
• Legislative Branch

  • makes the law
• JUDICIARY BRANCH

  • evaluates the law
• Constitution serves as the guide of all the laws created or will be created under the government.
• Legislatures have the authority to change laws
• Democratic government is different from other type of government there’s no such oligarchs, federal, or even a parliament.
• President can nominate any position in the supreme court even there’s no senate approval.
• The signature/verdict of the president is very important when passing a bill and becoming a law.
• Congress is responsible for making enabling laws to make sure the spirit of the constitution is upheld in the country and, at times, amend or change the constitution itself.