Chapter 4.1

• Resources - the total means available to a company for increasing production or profit, including land, labor, capital, and raw materials.
• Facts - are considered relevant truths which have been validated and identified.
• Information - facts about something or someone that are provided or learned
• Expandable - Information can be expanded without compromising its integrity.
• Compressible - Although expanded information can give a more detailed explanation, it may not always be needed
• Transportable - Information, especially digital information, is easily various transportable
• Diffusive - Gossip or rumors tend to spread easily.
• Information control: allowing those who have appropriate authority access to and use of information on the basis of the authority that they hold
• Sharable - Information is not all different from other resources. It begins with transforming raw materials into a finished product—processing data to come up with valuable information.
• Information Control comes in the form of keeping secrets inside a business or Selling Intellectual Property Rights to those prepared to purchase it
• Accurate information is error-free. In some cases, inaccurate information is generated because inaccurate data was processed. Analysts call this as "garbage-in-garbage out.“
• Software Piracy: unauthorized copying or distribution of copyrighted software
• Four issues complicating problem on information control: Convergence, scale, volume, and unprecedented individual empowerment
• Complete information contains all the important facts. This is especially important in the field of medicine. Missing information could spell disaster, or worse, lead to death.
• Convergence: Technological Advancements and social media have paved the way for media content such as music and movies to be distributed from their traditional distribution platforms
• Scale: The internet has given everyone access to anything they would like to search, upload, and download anywhere in the world
• Flexible information can be used for different purposes. Depending on the situation, personal information can be used for a variety of ways
• Relevant information is important to the decision-maker.
• Timely information is delivered when it is needed. This is true in the case of weather predictions, stock market forecasts' and traffic management.
• Volume: New agencies such as Manila Bulletin or The Philippine Star have not only printed copies of their news but also digital copies which can be accessed through their websites
• Verifiable - This means that information can be checked for correctness and authenticity
• Information should be easily accessible by authorized users to be obtained in the right format at the right time to meet their needs.
• Information should be secure from access by unauthorized users
• Unprecedented Individual empowerment: The popularity of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram has made it possible for individuals to post anything they want
• Intellectual Property: refers to a number of distinct types of intangible assets for which a set of exclusive rights are recognized
• IPR Republic Act No. 8293 s. 1998
• zero marginal cost - The cost of producing the first copy of an information good may be substantial, but the cost of producing (or reproducing) additional copies is negligible.
• non-rivalrous: Simultaneous consumption of information by consumers is possible. Movies nowadays are sold not only as DVD copies
• IPR consists of:

  • Copyright and related rights
  • Trademarks and service marks
  • Geographic Indications
  • Industrial Design
  • Patents
  • Layout designs of Integrated circuits
  • Protection of Undisclosed Information
• non-exclusive: Exclusion is not a natural property of information goods, though it is possible to construct exclusion artificially. However, the nature of information is that if it is known, it is difficult to exclude others from its use
• Copyright: protection for original expression
• no transparency: To evaluate the information, the information must be known, so one has to invest in learning how to evaluate it.
• Information overload - the excess of information available to a person aiming to complete a task or make a decision.
• Copyright: set of exclusive rights granted by a state to the creator of an original work
• Information overload - This impedes the decision-making process, resulting in a poor (or even no) decision being made.
• Cisco conducted a study that by the end of 2016, global internet traffic will have reached 1.1 zettabytes per year, and by 2019, global traffic is expected to hit 2 zettabytes per year
• Digital rights: permission granted to individuals to legitimately perform actions involving the use of computer, any electronic device, or a communications network
• In the Philippines, all copyrighted materials are recorded and stored at the National Library or Supreme Court Library (RA 10372, 2013)
• One zettabyte is equal to 1,000,000,000 terabytes or one billion external drives.
• Digital Rights Management: Processes by which the author or publisher of a work exerts his or her rights to control what the purchaser of the work is entitled to do