topic 2- organisation

Created by

DYLAN ROBERTS

Cards (122)

large multicellular organism are made up of organ systems
specialised cells form tissues, which form organs that form the organ system
what is a tissue
a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a specific function, it can include more than 1 type of cell.
what are examples of tissues in mammals
muscular tissue- which contracts to move whatever its attached to
glandular tissue- which makes and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones
epithelial tissue- covers some parts of the body, such as the inside of the gut
what is an organ
a group of different tissues that join together to carry out a certain function
what is an example of an organ, and what tissues make up this organ
the stomach is an organ and is made up of:
muscular tissues- moves the stomach wall to churn up the food
glandular tissue- makes digestive juices to digest food
epithelial tissue- covers the outside and inside of the stomach
what is an organ system
a group of organs working together to carry out a particular function
what is an example of an organ system, and what organs make up this organ system
the digestive system is an organ system, and it is made up of:
glands- which produce digestive juices
the stomach and small intestine- which digest food
the liver- produces bile
the small intestine- absorbs soluble food molecules
the large intestine- absorbs water from undigested food, leaving faeces
what is an enzyme
enzymes are only used to speed up chemical reactions in the body
what is a catalyst
a substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up in the reaction
why are enzymes specially shaped
so they can catalyse reactions
what is the substance that enzymes act on called
a substrate
for enzymes to work the substrate has to fit into its active site
changing the temperature changes the rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction, a higher temperature increases the rate however if it gets to hot some bonds holding the enzyme together break
if the pH gets too high or too low it will interfere with the bonds holding the enzyme together
enzymes often work best at a pH of 7
what does amylase do
catalyse the breakdown of starch to maltose
if starch is present, an iodine solution will change change from browny-orange to blue-black
what do digestive enzymes do
break down big molecules
what is a carbohydrase
they convert carbohydrates into simple sugars
what is an example of a carbohydrase
amylase- it breaks down starch
where can amylase be found
salivary glands
pancreas
small intestine
what is protease
converts proteins into amino acids
where is protease made
the stomach
pancreas
small intestine
what do lipase do
convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
where are lipids made
the pancreas
the small intestine
what are lipids
fats and oils
where is bile produced
in the liver
where is bile stored and realised to
it is stored in the gall bladder and then released to the small intestine
what is the job of bile
to neutralise stomach acid, and make it better for enzymes to work in the small intestine and breaks fat down into tiny droplets
where are enzymes in the digestive system produced from
specialised cells in glands and in the gut lining
what is the role of salivary glands in the digestive system
to produce the amylase enzyme in saliva
what is the role of the liver in the digestive system 
where bile is produced
what is the role of the stomach in the digestive system
it pummels the food with its muscular walls, it produces the protease enzyme and produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH level for protease enzyme to work
what is the role of the gall bladder in the digestive system
where bile is stored before being released to small intestine
what is the role of the pancreas in the digestive system
produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes and releases it to small intestine
what is the role of the small intestine in the digestive system
where excess water is absorbed from the food
what is the role of the small intestine in the digestive system
produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion. digested food is also absorbed out of the digestive system into the blood
what is the role of the rectum in the digestive system
where faeces are stored before they leave through the anus
how do you test for sugars in a food sample
use benedict's test