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• 1.        Sociology is the study of social behavior or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions.
• Greek Word: Study of Companionship

  Socius - Companion

  Logy - Study of
• 1.        Anthropology

  It is a science of concerned with the study of mankind; it tells us all we now know of prehistoric people and their culture.
• Greek Word: Reason about Human

  Anthropos – Human

  Logos – reason
• 1.        Biological Anthropology

  -            Biological anthropologists study a variety of aspects of human evolutionary biology. (evolution of man)
• 1.        Archaeology

  -            Archaeology is the study of the human past using material remains.
• 1.        Socio-cultural Anthropology

  -       deals with the interpretation of culture
• Culture is a complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, law, art morals, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man.
• Culture is “acquired”, which is done through a process called socialization.
• Culture

  Greek Word: To cultivate

  Colere
• 1.        Universal Culture

  A certain culture common to all human cultures worldwide or it is generally acceptable by all. (General Culture)
• 1.        Particular Culture

  -            A certain culture is only applicable, observable and perform among the members of a particular group of people. (Specific Culture)
• 1.        Material Culture

  refers to the physical aspect—objects, material goods, artworks, etc.—of a particular culture.
• Material Culture - Tangible things that people use to define their culture
• 1.        Non-Material Culture

  -            Non-material culture refers to the abstract aspect—ideas, norms, values, etc.—of a particular culture.
• Aspects of Culture

  1.        Dynamic, Flexible, & Adaptive

  2.        Shared & Contested (given the reality of social differentiation)

  3.        Learned through socialization or enculturation

  4.        Patterned social interactions

  5.        Integrated and at times unstable

  6.        Transmitted through socialization/enculturation

  7.        Requires language and other forms of communication 
• 1.        Superior Culture

  -            It refers to the dominant culture in a certain society or group of people.

  -            It sometimes influences the less dominant culture/s.
• 1.        Inferior Culture

  -            It refers to the less dominant culture in a certain society or group of people.

  -            It is sometimes being influenced or dismissed by the dominant ones.
• Ethnocentrism

  -            A principle of judging someone’s culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture (superior)
• Ethnocentrism - -            Individuals believe that they are better than others for reasons based solely on their own heritage.
• Xenocentrism

  -            It refers to the desire to engage in the elements of another's culture rather than one's own (inferior)
• Cultural Relativism

  -            A principle of judging regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself. 
• 1.        Enculturation

  -            The process of learning one's own culture.
• 1.        Acculturation

  -            The process of learning another culture.
• 1.        Assimilation

  -            The process of extreme and complete adoption of dominant culture and rejection of the own’s culture.
• 1.        Society

  -            A group of people bound together with shared characteristics, culture, behavior, and preference.
• Society - -            Refers to the group of people involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations
• 1.        Culture

  -            Shared beliefs, practices, traditions, behaviors, preference that gives identity to a certain society.
• 1.        Politics

  Refers to how people govern their society
• 1.       Creation Myth/Theory

  Focuses on the biblical and ethnic explanation of the origin of human.
• 6 Days of Creation

  1. Day and Night
  2. Sky and Sea
  3. Land and Plants
  4. Heavenly Bodies
  5. Birds and Fishes
  6. Man and Animals
• 1.1.              Story of Adam and Eve

  A creation myth from Abrahamic religions which centers to the belief that humanity is, in essence, a single family; wherein everyone is descended from a single pair of original ancestors.
• 1.1.              Si Malakas at Si Maganda

  A creation myth from the Philippines which focuses on the belief that all human races and social classes begins with a single origin.
• 1.       Scientific Theory

   

  Scientists of different historical periods tries to explain or discover the origin of the existence of human being in this world
• 1.1.              Catastrophism

  A theory that the earth had largely been shaped by sudden, short-lived but violent events, possibly worldwide in scope.
• o   Collision of asteroid in earth/ eruption of volcano (volcanism) – Age of Dinosaur
• o   Great flood – Noah’s time

   
• Uniformitarianism - It believes that the earth had been shaped by the long-term action of forces such as erosion, sedimentation volcanism and earthquakes that could still be observed in action today.
• All events are uniform in terms of occurrence.
• 1.1.              Natural Selection

  A theory that living organisms transform, change and adapt to its environment in order to survive.