Part 6 - Endocrine System

• The endocrine system consists of glands that perform very different functions. They are related to each other because they all secrete hormones into the blood.
• Endocrine glands


  • Secrete hormones
  • Hormones regulate body activities such as metabolic rate, water and mineral balance, immune system reactions, and sexual functioning
• Organs of the Endocrine System

  • Adrenal glands
  • Ovaries
  • Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
  • Thyroid & Parathyroid glands
  • Pineal gland
  • Pituitary gland
  • Testes
  • Thymus gland
  • Thyroid gland
• adren/o

  adrenal glands
• adrenal/o

  adrenal glands
• gonad/o


  sex glands
• parathyroid/o

  parathyroid gland
• pineal/o

  pineal gland
• pituitar/o


  pituitary gland
• thyr/o

  thyroid gland
• thyroid/o

  thyroid gland
• -crine


  to secrete
• -prandial


  relating to a meal
• The endocrine system is a collection of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to act on target organs and maintain homeostasis.
• -stasis


  condition of standing still; staying in one place
• Types of Glands

  • Exocrine glands
  • Endocrine glands
• Exocrine glands


  Release secretions into duct that carries them to outside of body
• Endocrine glands


  Release hormones directly into bloodstream, have no ducts, referred to as ductless glands
• Glands of the Endocrine System

  • Adrenal glands
  • Parathyroid glands
  • Pancreas
  • Pineal gland
  • Pituitary gland
  • Ovaries
  • Testes
  • Thymus gland
  • Thyroid gland
• adrenalectomy


  surgical removal of the adrenal gland
• adrenalitis


  inflammation of adrenal gland
• adrenal


  pertaining to adrenal gland
• adrenomegaly


  enlarged adrenal gland
• adrenopathy


  adrenal gland disease
• endocrinologist


  specialist in endocrine system
• endocrinopathy


  endocrine system disease
• hypercalcemia


  excessive calcium in blood
• hypocalcemia


  low calcium in blood
• hyperkalemia


  excessive potassium in blood
• hyperglycemia


  excessive sugar in blood
• hypoglycemia


  low sugar in blood
• hyponatremia


  low sodium in blood
• pancreatic


  pertaining to pancreas
• parathyroidal


  pertaining to parathyroid
• parathyroidectomy


  removal of parathyroid
• hyperparathyroidism


  state of excessive parathyroid
• hypoparathyroidism


  state of insufficient parathyroid
• thymic


  pertaining to thymus
• thymectomy


  removal of thymus
• thymitis


  inflammation of thymus