REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• Sex


  Sexual intercourse
• Sexuality


  The total expression of an individual's femaleness or maleness through that person's feelings, beliefs, attitudes, values and behaviours
• Sexuality is a complex expression of the whole person and reinforces and affirms the individual as a human being and allows the role of female or male to develop
• Sexuality is an integral part of our entire being from the time of birth
• Sexuality includes our physical, physiological, psychological, social, emotional, cultural, spiritual and ethical dimensions of sex and gender
• Penis


  Contains urethra, becomes erect to enable sexual intercourse
• Ejaculation


  Urine is sealed off, secretions from prostate gland, seminal vesicles are mixed and expelled (about one quarter ounce of semen)
• Sperm


  Male reproductive cell, about 400 million in each ejaculation
• Erection


  Small reservoirs in penis fill up with blood due to nervous stimulation
• Impotence


  Male sexual inadequacy, no erection, premature ejaculation
• Testicles


  Two glands that manufacture sperm
• Vas deferens


  Two carry sperm to be stored in the seminal vesicles
• Scrotum


  External sack holding the testicles
• Urethra


  Tube that carries both urine and semen in the male; urine in female
• Prostate Gland


  Supplies a fluid in which the sperm swim
• Clitoris


  At front of vagina; center of sexual stimulation for females
• Hymen


  Membrane at the opening of the vagina
• Vagina


  Cavity where penis is placed during intercourse; also serves as birth canal
• Uterus


  Thick walled womb where baby develops
• Ovaries


  Two glands that produce female reproductive eggs called OVA
• Fallopian Tubes


  Two receive the ova and pass them to the uterus
• Menstruation


  Discharge of the lining of the uterus, approximately every 28 days
• Fimbra


  Lacy fingers at the end of the fallopian tubes
• Cervix

  Lower end of the uterus; site of cancer
• How Pregnancy Works

  1. Ovulation

  2. Fertilization?

  3. Yes: Pregnancy (Uterine lining stays)

  4. No: Menstruation (Uterine lining shed)
• The Menstrual Cycle


  1. Cycle begins with the shedding of the Uterus Lining or Edometrium (Menstruation 4-5 days)

  2. Uterus lining very thin (days 6-9)

  3. Uterus lining begins thickening & ovulation takes place (days 10-14)

  4. Lining becomes thicker as egg travels towards uterus (days 15-30)
• Reproductive system


  The male and female reproductive systems are regulated by the neuroendocrine system - a single system involving the endocrine system and the nervous system
• Neuroendocrine system


  • The main control systems of the body
  • They stimulate and inhibit the activities of other systems to help maintain the body's homeostasis
  • It consists of the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, ovaries, and testes
• Anterior pituitary gland


  Part of the endocrine system that secretes several hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate reproductive functions
• Reproductive system


  The system of organs and parts which function in reproduction consisting the male and female reproductive organs
• Main functions of male reproductive system

  • Secretion of male sex hormones
  • Production of male sex cells or gametes
  • Sustenance and transfer of sperm cells to the location of fertilization
• Main male reproductive organs

  • Testes
• Testes


  The main function is producing and storing sperm
• Seminiferous tubules


  • Where spermatogenesis (sperm cell formation) takes place
• Secondary male reproductive organs

  • Scrotum
  • Epididymis
  • Vas deferens
  • Urethra
  • Seminal vesicle
  • Prostate glands
  • Bulbourethral glands
  • Penis
• Scrotum


  Contains the testes
• Epididymis


  • A long, coiled tube that transports and stores sperm cells produced in the testes
  • Sperm will continue to mature inside the epididymis and develop their capability to swim
• Vas deferens


  Continuation of the epididymis and the excretory duct of the testes
• Urethra


  Conveys both semen and urine to the distal end of penis
• Semen


  Sperm travelling to the urethra mix with glandular secretions from the seminal vesicle, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland