Kasaysayan

• Datus or Leaders


  • Highest position in the community
• Maharlika or the Free People


  • Did not pay taxes
  • Travelled with the Datu
  • Supervised the rowers of the boat
• Timawa


  • Known as the working class/rowers of the boat
• Slaves


  • Aliping namamahay - were not full pledge slave, had their own respective families and their own houses, required to serve their masters only during planting and harvesting period
  • Aliping sagigilid - were the real slaves, homeless, forbidden to form their own families, required to stay in their masters dwelling and they could be used as a payment for debt
• Other important groups of pre-colonial society

  • Tambalan - healers or doctors
  • Atubang ng Datu - adviser of the datu
  • Daragangan - outstanding soldier/ he is made to wear a "pinayusan" – a decorative scarf made of abaca
  • Paratabgaw - barangay teacher
• The gods and goddess of pre-colonial Philippines

  • Bathala - supreme god in the heavens. He is the leader of the gods
  • Aman Sinaya – Goddess of the Sea
  • Idianale – Goddess of Labor and Good Deeds
  • Dumangan – God of Good Harvest
  • Anitun Tabu – Goddess of the Wind and Rain
  • Mapulon – God of Seasons
  • Lakapati – Hermaphrodite Goddess of Fertility and Agriculture
  • Dumakulem – Guardian of the Mountains
  • Dian Masalanta – Goddess of Lovers, Childbirth, and Peace
  • Apolaki – God of the Sun, Patron of Warriors
  • Libulan – God of the Moon, Patron God of Homosexuality
  • Sitan – God of the Lower World
  • Aring Sinukuan – Sun God of War and Death
  • Apung Malyari – Goddess of the Moon, Ruler of the Eight Rivers
• Primary sources


  • Correspondence
  • Diaries
  • Memoirs
  • Personal histories
  • Manuscripts
  • Newspapers
  • Speeches
  • Cartoons
  • Photographs
  • Video
  • Artifacts
• Primary sources


  Original records can be found in several media such as print, artwork, and audio and visual recording
• Secondary sources


  • Textbooks
  • Articles
  • Reference books
• Secondary sources


  Closely related to primary sources and often interpret them. Documents that relate to information that originated elsewhere. Often use generalizations, analysis, interpretation, and synthesis of primary sources
• Aswang


  • Intrinsically evil umbrella term encompassing different shapeshifting evil monsters such as vampires, ghouls, witches, viscera sucking, and werebeasts
• Tiyanak


  • Little humanoid vampiric creature that disguises itself as an innocent infant before attacking humans
• Mangkukulam


  • People who practice sorcery, frequently do it for vengeance or to harm others
• Dwende


  • Dwarf creature that lives in the woods, an anthill, or ancient dwellings in distant regions. Resembles a little, elderly guy with a lengthy beard who enjoys wearing large hats
• Kapre

  • Tall, grimy, dark humanoid that resembles a gorilla and is known as a tree demon. They are also known to have a strong body odor and to smoke in trees
• Tikbalang


  • Bipedal horse monster of Philippine mythology claimed to lurk in the Philippines' highlands and jungles
• Sirena


  • Legendary sea monster having the head and torso of a human female and the tail of a fish
• Diwata


  • Also known as Encantada, they are thought to live in giant trees like the acacia and balete and to be nature's guardian spirits, bestowing blessings or cursing anyone who bring advantages or harm to the woods and mountains
• Manananggal


  • Filipino Aswang that detaches her torso from her lower half and then takes flight at night to consume children
• Anito


  Term used and used widely throughout the Philippines to refer to spirits, which include ancestors (ninuno) and nature spirits, as well as, depending on ethnic group, deities
• The judicial process of pre-spanish or pre-colonial Philippines is called, trial by ordeal and trial by war
• Rajah humabon was given the name Carlos after he was christened
• The name luisung was the name given Philippines which came from the word lusong a wooden mortal and pestle
• The Philippines were probably first occupied by people who arrived in small migrations from mainland Southeast Asia
• Barangay was headed by a ruler called Datu or Rajah
• The power of datu was consist of judicial, executive and legislative power
• Primary sources


  Original source that contains important historical information, it can either be an object or testimony concerning the past on which historians depend in order to create a depiction of the past
• Secondary sources


  Documents that relate to information that originated elsewhere
• The only hope they(pre-colonial Filipinos) had was a spirit medium or shaman who could directly communicate with the spirits or gods
• Early Filipinos during pre-colonial Philippines lived near bodies of water such as river and coastline
• Putong symbolized the number of persons the wearer had killed
• Influence of India in the Philippines

  • Names for gods and goddesses
  • Bahala na attitude
  • Sarong
  • Putong
• Historical criticism or higher criticism

  Technique of testing the reliability of the information found in a document
• There was plenty of gold in the islands during the pre-colonial times that it used to be part of our ancestors' everyday attire
• Timawa is known as the working class/rowers of the boat
• The other name of Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer is Fernando de Magallanes
• The earliest type of currency in the modern Philippines which was used by the tondo, namayan, rajahnate people of butuan is called piloncito
• Pangagad may be used if the boy's family is unable to provide the needed "buyag"
• Barrio is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and the native Filipino term for a village
• Atubang ng datu in Visayas, he is the chief minister of the datu, which also means "facing the datu". and also serve as adviser of the datu