Asian Regionalism

• Variety of major powers that colonized Asia:

  • Portugal
  • Spain
  • The Netherlands
  • France
  • Britain
  • The United States
  • Japan
• Cold War - divided the Asian region.
• ASEAN - the first major regional player to emerge and has been at the center of regional developments.
• China and Japan - accepted ASEAN's pivotal regional role, because they need the ASEAN members as followers if they ever want to be considered global leaders.
• Asian Regionalism - the product of economic interaction, not political planning.
• Globalization - the increased flows of goods, services, capital, people, and information across borders (Jacoby and Meunier, 2010).
• Regionalization - the societal integration and often undirected process of societal economic interaction (Hurrell, 2007).
• Regionalization - the formal process of intergovernmental collaboration between two or more states (Ravenhill, 2008).
• Regionalism - a political process characterized by economic policy cooperation and coordination among countries (Claudio,2018).
• Regional Integration - the process by which two or more nation-states agree to cooperate and work closely together to achieve peace, stability, and wealth.
• Southeast Asian countries have already formed:

  • ASEAN
  • APEC
  • ARF
  • ASEAN Plus Three and the East Asian Summit
• Factors that leads the Asian Region into greater integration:

  • Trade
  • Similar Culture
  • Common Goals
  • Similar Security Needs
• ASEAN - Association of Southeast Asian Nations, a regional organization of 10 countries in Southeast Asia.
• APEC - Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation/Council, a forum for 21 countries to discuss economic issues and promote trade and investment; established in 1989 to leverage the growing interdependence of Asian Pacific.
• ARF - ASEAN Regional Forum, is a forum for dialogue and cooperation among ASEAN member states and other countries in the region.
• ASEAN Countries:

  • Brunei
  • Cambodia
  • Indonesia
  • Laos
  • Malaysia
  • Myanmar
  • Philippines
  • Singapore
  • Thailand
  • Vietnam
• APEC Countries:

  • Australia
  • Brunei
  • Canada
  • Chile
  • China
  • Chinese Taipei
  • Hong Kong
  • Indonesia
  • Japan
  • Malaysia
  • Mexico
  • New Zealand
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Peru
  • Philippines
  • Russia
  • Singapore
  • South Korea
  • Thailand
  • USA
  • Viet Nam
• ASEAN Plus Three... Countries:

  • 10 ASEAN Member States
  • Japan
  • China
  • Republic of Korea
• Integration - adoption of policies from separate countries.
• Integration - benefit from the knowledge and experience of others.
• Integration - learn how to replicate or adapt ideas.
• QUAD States:

  • Japan
  • USA
  • India
  • Australia
• The QUAD (QSD: Quadrilateral Security Dialogue) was established in 2007 during the ASEAN Summit in Singapore, with its first meeting held in Australia in March 2008.
• The QUAD is an informal strategic forum that aims to promote peace, stability, and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region through dialogue, cooperation, and coordination on various issues such as security, economics, technology, infrastructure development, climate change, disaster response, and humanitarian assistance.
• QUAD's Purpose - peace and security
• QUAD's Principle: Keep the strategic sea routes in the Indio-Pacific Region.
• OIC (Organization of Islamic Cooperation) is a group of 57 Muslim countries that was founded in September 25, 1969.
• Asian Economic Miracle Group - achieved economic development for 10 years compared to Europe that reached 50 years; established in 1990s (1965-1990).
• East Asia:

  • China
  • Hong Kong
  • Japan
  • Macau
  • Mongolia
  • North Korea
  • South Korea
  • Taiwan
• The Four Asian Tigers:

  • Hong Kong
  • Korea
  • Singapore
  • Taiwan
• Philippines is a communal country (family-centric).